<p>The Dr. John Octavius Hatcher House is a historic house at 210 3rd Street in Imboden, Arkansas. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with an architectural development spanning from c. 1902 to the 1920s. When built c. 1902, the house featured transitional Queen Anne/Colonial Revival styling, including a porch with turned posts and a spindled balustrade. A tornado damaged the house in the early 1920s, destroying a dormer, and probably damaging the porch, whose columns where replaced by Tuscan columns, and then at a later date by square posts. At some point the dormers on the eastern elevation were extended, giving the house a more Plain-Traditional appearance than its original Queen Anne look. The house was built as a wedding present from Dr. J. W. Randolph to his daughter Nellie, who was marrying Dr. John Octavius Hatcher. Hatcher served as the small community&#39;s doctor between 1904 and 1913.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. More recently, the house served as a restaurant. In 2016, it was reported that the house was being remodeled by its new owner.</p><br>
<p>Rostrevor Forest is located near the village of Rostrevor, County Down, Northern Ireland. It lies between the Mourne Mountains and Carlingford Lough, in the Mourne Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The first trees, primarily sitka spruce, douglas fir and pine, were planted in 1931. The Forest Service carries out felling in the forest and replants trees with wildlife conservation in mind. Animal species found in the forest include red and grey squirrels, foxes, badgers, jays and sparrow hawks.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>A 40-tonne granite boulder, known as the Cloughmore Stone or The Big Stone, is located on the top of a 1,000 ft hill within the forest. It was deposited there approximately 10,000 years ago when the glacial ice sheet receded. The local legend states that the stone was thrown across Carlingford Lough from the top of the Cooley Mountains, by the giant Fionn mac Cumhaill.</p><br>
<p>Rostrevor Oakwood is a 40 acre area of 250-year-old oak trees within the forest. They are the remains of the oak woods that were present on the lower Mourne mountains until it was mostly felled for use in boat building in the 18th and 19th centuries. The area is protected as a Special Area of Conservation. A clearing on the southern edge of the oakwood is known as Fiddler&#39;s Green and was at one time a gathering point in the village and would have featured various forms of entertainment. Every July since 1986, the village has hosted a traditional music festival named the Fiddler’s Green Festival.</p><br>
<p>Javořice Jaborschützeberg; Jaworzsycze ;  is the highest mountain of Bohemian-Moravian Highlands, southern part of Javořice Highlands ), Moravia and Bohemia Czech Republic. Located on the historical border between Bohemia and Moravia, and right on trace where runs line of main European drainage divide.</p><br>
<p>The average annual temperature is about 3,5 °C.</p><br>
<p>A TV and radio transmitter is situated on the top. The upper platform is used as a facility building by broadcaster. The mountain is also a popular area for skiing.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>First construction on the mountain was simple cabin (1925) as refuge for mountain hikers.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The entire massif consists mainly by moldanubic, i.e. series of rocks generated during sedimentation in precambric sea and wrinkled later into mountain chains and composed of crystalline slates and gneiss (a metamorphic rock with foliations), mica schicht and quartzite.</p><br>
<p>The summit is a round and smooth.</p><br>
<h2>Flora</h2><br>
<p>Summit is forested by mixed mainly spruce forest, with some pines, birches and maples. Plants: False lily, fern bracken, western oakfern, and lot of bilberryes.</p><br>
<h2>Watchtower</h2><br>
<p>The observation tower - upper platform of transmitter tower is closed to the public and can be used by transmitter staff only. The Krkonoše (Sněžka), Malá Fatra Mts., Javorníky and Alps (Schneeberg) can be seen from the transmitter tower platform.</p><br>
<h2>Surrounding</h2><br>
<p>3,5 km to southeast is located most important granite quarry in Mrákotín, well famous by origin of unique obelisk in Prague castle yard designed by architect Josip Plečnik</p><br>
<p>Ravenswood Ambulance Station is a heritage-listed ambulance station at Deighton Street, Ravenswood, Charters Towers Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1904. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Ravenswood Ambulance Building, constructed in 1904, has played an important role in the Ravenswood community providing assistance for the sick and injured. This role expanded when the hospital closed and it has continued its community service as a venue for regular clinics held by the Royal Flying Doctor Service for over thirty years.</p><br>
<p>Ravenswood was one of several important goldfields in which formed a major component in the development of North Queensland. The need to access and exploit gold finds determined the path of railways, the establishment of related industries and commerce and the location of settlements. Some of these were short lived "rushes", where tent and shanty townships disappeared almost as quickly as they rose. Other settlements based on goldfields became established towns with government and civic buildings, shops and family homes and survived as such. A few became important centres, only to fade away as gold yields fell. Ravenswood was one of these.</p><br>
<p>The area was first settled by Europeans following the establishment of Bowen in 1861. Pastoral runs were soon set up in the hinterland, including the area on which the Ravenswood field was to develop. The first gold in north Queensland had been found at Star River in 1865 and triggered further exploration. Gold was found at Merri Merriwa, the run on which the town of Ravenswood stands, in 1867, although it was reported as being on the adjoining property of Ravenswood, the name by which the field was always known.</p><br>
<p>Much of the gold initially found was in a triangle in and around three dry creeks which soon formed the focus for a tent and shanty settlement. Ravenswood gold was in reefs and a small battery was first set up in 1869, followed by the Lady Marian Mill in 1870. The settlement was also surveyed at this time, but by then the goldfield itself, and the buildings and streets already established had shaped the town and the survey merely formalised what was already in place. This can still be seen clearly in the irregularity of the major streets. Ravenswood was gazetted as a town in 1871, but problems were soon encountered as the gold at deeper levels proved to be finely distributed in ore containing other minerals and was difficult to separate either by mechanical or chemical means. This required greater capital to fund various technologies for extraction. Many miners left for other fields, such as Charters Towers, discovered in 1871 and which quickly overtook Ravenswood as a gold producer and as the most important inland North Queensland town.</p><br>
<p>Despite this, Ravenswood continued to prosper due to a steady, though reduced, production of gold, the discovery of silver at nearby Totley in 1878 and as a commercial centre. By 1874, the town had a courthouse and police station, a post and telegraph office, and a school. The first hospital was established by subscription in 1871. The stability of the town was also assisted by the arrival of the railway in 1884 and the use of improved means to extract gold from ore. A new generation of public buildings began to replace those from the early days of the field, including a new hospital built in 1887.</p><br>
<p>In 1899, the New Ravenswood Company was formed by Archibald Laurence Wilson who raised overseas capital, reopened old mines and used modern methods to rework tailings more efficiently. The shareholders recouped their investment in the first two years and this drew world-wide interest. It was the beginning of Ravenswood&#39;s most prosperous period.</p><br>
<p>In the 1890s the perceived need to provide trained assistance and transport to hospital for the sick and injured resulted in the formation in Brisbane of the Queensland Ambulance Transport Brigade. Charters Towers set up the second branch of the QATB in 1900, needing it not only as a major city, but also as a mining town. Mining had always been a dangerous occupation and rapid growth tended to overtake the provision of safety measures, making serious accidents not uncommon. This was also the case in Ravenswood where between 1879 and 1917, 22 miners were killed and 116 injured in the course of their work. The water supply was also unsafe and there were periodic outbreaks of serious illnesses caused by this. The ambulance centre was established in Macrossan Street, a date commemorated on the parapet of the current ambulance building. Ambulances were equipped with harnesses which were used to pull up injured men from mine shafts. In 1904, the current building was constructed to serve 4700 people, the highest population level that Ravenswood would ever have.</p><br>
<p>After 1908 the town began to decline and the hospital closed. As time went by the cost of extraction grew as returns lessened and Wilson lost money searching for "mother" lodes at deep levels and began to lay off miners. A strike in 1912 dragged out for eight months causing hardship and although judgement eventually favoured the miners, Wilson could no longer afford to employ many of them. The decline of the Ravenswood mines continued with the outbreak of war in 1914 increasing costs and disruptions to the labour supply. Buildings began to be sold for removal and in 1916 rail services were cut. In 1917 the New Ravenswood Company closed.</p><br>
<p>In the 1920s most of the timber buildings in Ravenswood were moved away, although brick buildings, such as the ambulance station, could not be moved. Ravenswood Shire was absorbed into Dalrymple Shire in 1929 and in 1930 Ravenswood became the first Queensland town to lose its railway connection and therefore the use of the railway ambulance which had served Ravenswood from Charters Towers since 1919. Mining had a modest revival in the 1930s, but this had little effect on the life of the town. By the 1960s Ravenswood had reached its lowest ebb with a population of about 70. At this point, tourists began to take a growing interest in the town, studies were made of the buildings and work began to conserve them. In the 1980s the whole town was listed by the Australian Heritage Commission and the National Trust of Queensland. In 1987 Carpentaria Gold Ltd opened a new open cut mine using modern heap leaching processes.</p><br>
<p>Following the closure of the hospital, the ambulance service had often provided medical advice. The centre was staffed until the 1950s although the buildings was also used intermittently for storage. In the 1960s the Royal Flying Doctor Service began to hold a monthly surgery in the building. Clinics held by the Flying Doctor have continued to the present day.</p><br>
<p>The building underwent considerable repair and refurbishment in the 1990s and continues to provide medical services for the community through clinics. It also houses a part-time children&#39;s play group and the State Emergency Service has storage facilities built in a shed to the rear in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Ravenswood Ambulance station is located in Deighton St close to the bank of Elphinstone Creek. It is a single storey building of rendered brick, rectangular in plan, with its long axis at right angles to the street. The roof is clad in corrugated iron and hipped at the rear. It has a decorative metal ventilator on the ridge. The facade has a gabled parapet and is asymmetrical, with the central doorway flanked by a large arched gateway for the ambulance vehicle to the left and a sash window on the right. It has rendered ornamentation including fluted pilasters, two Maltese crosses and the words "Ambulance" and "1902" in raised letters. There is a lamp over the doorway.</p><br>
<p>Inside there is provision for the ambulance and a series of rooms on one side of the building with timber framed tongue and groove partitions, concrete and timber floors, and flat galvanised iron ceilings.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Ravenswood Ambulance Station was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Mining has been important in the development of North Queensland and the Ambulance Station is one of the few buildings remaining from the boom period of the once important goldfield town of Ravenswood. Many accidents occurred in early mines and the erratic water supply of many mining towns caused frequent outbreaks of serious illness. The Ambulance Station therefore provided an essential service. Its early establishment and subsequent expanded medical use when the population reduced and the hospital closed illustrates a pattern of expansion and decline common to many mining towns.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>It is important as an example of an early ambulance station providing accommodation for ambulance, staff and office in a small, centrally placed building.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The Ambulance station is an attractive building and, as one of the few brick buildings from the boom years of Ravenswood, is an important feature of its townscape.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The Ambulance station has a long association with the Ravenswood community and the Royal Flying Doctor Service.</p><br>
<p>Mount Carmel Convent is a heritage-listed former Roman Catholic convent at 199 Bay Terrace, Wynnum, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Hall & Dods and built in 1915 by William Richard Juster. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 27 August 1999.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Mt Carmel Convent, a substantial two storey brick building with surrounding verandahs, was constructed in 1915 as a convent for the Sisters of Mercy. It was designed by the architectural partnership of Hall and Dods and constructed by William Richard Juster at a cost of £8000.</p><br>
<p>A Catholic presence in Wynnum was prompted by the establishment of the area as a popular seaside resort. The opening of the Wynnum South railway station in 1898 encouraged further development, and the demand for a religious presence in the area grew. In 1903, the first Catholic masses were held in the Shire Hall, and the Sisters of Mercy began visiting Wynnum to teach the children residing in the area.</p><br>
<p>Established primarily as a teaching order in 1831 in Ireland by Catherine McAuley, the first Sisters of Mercy arrived in Brisbane in 1861. Various orders were later established throughout Queensland to ensure children gained adequate education and religious instruction.</p><br>
<p>The first Catholic church in Wynnum, known as the Catholic Church of Guardian Angels was erected in 1905. Designed by architect Richard Gailey it was constructed on Bay Terrace on land donated by Archbishop Robert Dunne. Following the formal establishment of the parish of Wynnum in 1913, a new school also designed by Gailey and located in Bay Terrace, was opened.</p><br>
<p>On the 8 August 1915 "the Convent of Our Lady of Mount Carmel was solemnly blessed and dedicated by His Grace, Archbishop Duhig." A collection which realised £110 for the furnishing fund was taken up during the opening ceremony.</p><br>
<p>Designed by architects Francis Richard Hall and Robert Smith (Robin) Dods, the convent was described in The Age as a "handsome 2 storey brick building situated on a commanding eminence on the west side of Bay Terrace." The article continues:</p><br>
<p>"The building is built of brick; wide verandahs and balconies extend round the main block. On the ground floor on both sides of the main entrance are parlours, the one on the right giving access to the music room, and the one on the left to the chapel through the sacristy. The childrens study and refectory are entered from a corridor running at right angles on either side of the entrance hall. This corridor also gives direct access to the chapel, sisters dormitory, main staircase, music room and service passage and stairs. The sisters dormitory is connected with the chapel by sliding doors. The first floor is occupied with two large and five smaller cells, community room and childrens dormitory. Spacious lavatory and bathroom accommodation on this floor completes the main block. A separate block comprises the kitchen, offices and laundry on the ground floor and a large dormitory and servants quarters on the first floor. This block is connected with the verandah and balcony of the main block by a covered way."</p><br>
<p>The partnership of Hall and Dods was established in 1896 and continued until 1916. Dods was appointed architect to the Anglican Diocese of Brisbane and the firm oversaw the construction of St John&#39;s Cathedral in this capacity. They also designed many buildings for the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Brisbane, including St Brigids Catholic Church, Red Hill and the Mater Misericordiae Hospital.</p><br>
<p>In 1940, additions were made to the church by Francis Leo Cullen. Alterations and additions were also made to the convent, school and presbytery at this time, possibly by Cullen also.</p><br>
<p>In 1957, a secondary girls school was established at Mount Carmel and continued to operate until 1992 when it was closed due to the falling numbers of school-aged children in the area. The Guardian Angels primary school remains operational.</p><br>
<p>In 1999, the convent housed only four Sisters permanently and was mainly used as a holiday centre for Sisters of Mercy in the Southern Queensland region.</p><br>
<p>In 2011, only two sisters were living in the property and it was sold for $1.6M to Ivan Simons. For the following 3 years, the property was extensively renovated at a cost of $1,000,000, after which the Brisbane City Council gave approval for it to be used as a residence with bed-and-breakfast accommodation.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Mount Carmel Convent, a two storeyed brick building with a corrugated iron roof, is located in a prominent position in Bay Terrace, Wynnum. It is surrounded by minimal gardens and lawned areas which are enclosed by a recent metal fence incorporating an earlier wrought iron gate.</p><br>
<p>The building itself is asymmetrical in plan and is constructed of glazed face brick laid in English bond. The building comprises a main wing running parallel to Bay Terrace, with a transverse wing at the southeastern end. Verandahs encircle the entire building on both levels, with a combination of cast iron and timber balustrading and ripple iron sheeted ceilings. Windows are double hung with clear glass, apart from those in the chapel which feature leadlighting. French doors provide access to the verandahs from most rooms. A single storeyed building containing the kitchen and laundry is located at the rear of the main building, attached to it by breezeways which have been enclosed with aluminium framed windows.</p><br>
<p>The entry is centrally located within the main wing and is defined by a rendered archway rising through the two storeys. The entry door is located within a timber framed arch and leadlighting is featured in the side panels. A second rendered archway is located on the front elevation of the transverse wing, with a statue of Mary and Jesus featured in the gable above.</p><br>
<p>Internally the layout remains relatively intact, apart from the main dormitory for boarders on the upper level, which has been divided into smaller rooms. Two parlours (one now an office) open from the entry, and leadlight doors open onto a hallway which runs parallel to Bay Terrace. The dining room is located behind this and the hall terminates at the chapel which is located in the transverse wing. The main stair is located between the dining room and the chapel. It comprises a half turn with two landings and features a simply designed dark stained timber balustrade. A secondary stair is located at the northwestern end of the building.</p><br>
<p>The upper level is also divided by a central hall, with cells opening from both sides. Two large rooms, now used as recreational rooms are located in the transverse wing. Bathrooms and toilets are located on the enclosed rear verandah and an external stair, enclosed by lattice is located on the southeastern verandah.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Mount Carmel Convent was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 27 August 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Constructed in 1915, Mount Carmel Convent demonstrates the evolution of the Order of the Sisters of Mercy and the educational, religious and social practices they implemented throughout Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates the principal characteristics of a convent building, including a two storeyed plan featuring a chapel, dining area, reception rooms and cells. Finishes are typical of the period and include pressed metal ceilings, dark stained timber detailing simple decorative features and cast iron balustrades to the exterior verandahs. Its prominent location on the rise of a hill overlooking Moreton Bay is also typical of convent buildings.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Mount Carmel Convent is of aesthetic significance due to its well-composed design which, externally features a combination of decorative elements including cast iron and timber balustrades, glazed face brick walls with rendered sections, timber latticework and a statue of Mary and Jesus in the south eastern gable. Interior features including pressed metal ceilings, stained glass and leadlight windows, and arts and crafts style timber balustrades and joinery contribute to the aesthetic value of the place.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The Convent has strong associations with the local community, and with the Sisters of Mercy, who use it as a holiday retreat during the summer months.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>It also has strong associations with the architectural partnership of Hall and Dods, who are highly regarded for their early 20th century ecclesiastical work.</p><br>
<p>Waterloo Bay Hotel is a heritage-listed hotel at 75 Berrima Street, Wynnum, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1889 by George Gibbs and extended in 1918 to a design by George Henry Male Addison. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 July 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original section of the Waterloo Bay Hotel was constructed in 1889 by George Gibbs. The hotel was extended in 1918, when work was undertaken by Brisbane architect, GHM Addison. Major refurbishments were also undertaken in the 1980s and in the late 1990s.</p><br>
<p>The bayside suburbs of Wynnum and Manly were known as Oyster Point and Wyvernleigh, after the first house in the area. The first land sales in the area took place in 1860 at Lytton and around the Waterloo Bay. In 1882, Manly Beach Estate was auctioned. Wynnum and Manly were the only bayside stations opened with the Cleveland railway line on 1 November 1889. The completion of the railway led to a surge of growth in the district, and by the early years of the 20th century, it had become a popular seaside resort town, with many people travelling from Brisbane by train on the weekend. Wynnum had a siding, loading bank and goods shed by 1891 and it was the terminus for extra Sunday trains from 1889 and weekday services from 1 March 1892.</p><br>
<p>The Waterloo Bay Hotel was constructed by George Gibbs, a local stonemason, in 1889. Gibbs was born in Cornwall and sailed for Australia on board the Fiery Star in 1863 with his wife and infant. After the birth of his second child and the death of his first, the Gibbs&#39; returned to Cornwall. Two more children were born then his first wife died. In 1875, with a new wife and four children, Gibbs again left Cornwall for Australia on board the Great Queensland, landing at Maryborough and later residing in Gibbs Street, Kelvin Grove. Gibbs purchased land in Mary (later Berrima) Street in May 1889, and commenced construction of a hotel. He applied for, and was granted, a licence through the South Brisbane Licensing Courts. The Brisbane Courier reported on 7 November that "...the house was complete and ready for occupation." The Waterloo Bay Hotel opened for business on 6 November 1889 - just five days after the opening of the Cleveland railway line.</p><br>
<p>Gibbs owned the hotel until 1892 when, due to ill health, it was sold and the family moved to Gibbs Street, Wynnum. The hotel was sold to Sarah Jane King in March 1892. Title passed to William Morris in 1895 and later to Helen Rankin Turner from August 1896. The hotel was purchased by William Denis OConnor in August 1898. He remained the owner until he died on 14 January 1950. OConnor was the licensee from the date of purchase until October 1901 when he leased the building to Bernard Kennedy for ten years. In August 1907, Kennedy transferred the balance of the lease to Augustus Marshall who held it til May 1908.</p><br>
<p>Sarah Baird took up the lease of the hotel in May 1908. Initially, her husband, Robert, was the licensee, however, following his death in June 1910, Sarah took over as licensee. In January 1911, Baird made an application to the Licensing Court to have music at the hotel every Saturday. A new application had to be made every week. The South Brisbane Licence Register indicates that the Waterloo Bay Hotel was one of the first hotels on the south side of the river to have music each week. In October 1911, Amelia Connell took out a new lease, with her husband Robert as the licensee. By the end of that year music had ceased playing at the hotel. On 7 March 1918, the ten-year lease was surrendered subsequent to the death of Amelia Connell on 19 October 1917. In February 1918, the Government Gazette advertised a Transmission by Death of Interest in Lease from Amelia Connell to Patrick Joseph OShea, and a Surrender of Lease from Patrick OShea to William Denis OConnor. By February, 1918, OConnor had commissioned architect, GHM Addison to undertake alterations to the hotel. The alterations included the construction of a new public bar on the ground floor and private accommodation on the first floor.</p><br>
<p>OConnors death was registered on 14 January 1950, at this time, the entire property passed to Douglas Wadley and Graham O&#39;Connor as Trustees. In September 1956, the lease for hotel passed to Queensland Brewery Ltd. This lease was held until 1985 when it was transferred to Ashwick (Qld). The property passed to Moreton Bay Holdings in early 1987.</p><br>
<p>In November 1989, a week-long celebration to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the hotel was organised by the then lessees. An article in the Bayside Bulletin dated 14 November 1989 states that "...the Waterloo Bay Hotel is serving the community as never before and looks set to take on its second hundred years with ease and equanimity." Renovations undertaken in the 1980s, included the addition of a beer garden and restaurant. Towards the end of 1999, further renovation work was undertaken.</p><br>
<p>Still a focal point for the local and surrounding community, the Waterloo Bay Hotel has been identified as a Heritage Place within the Wynnum-Manly Local Area Plan.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Waterloo Bay Hotel is located on a triangular piece of land at Wynnum, bounded by Berrima Street and Bay and Byrnside Terraces. A mature Moreton Bay Fig Tree is located in the eastern corner of the property.</p><br>
<p>The original section (1889) of the hotel is a two-storeyed masonry building with a hipped roof clad with corrugated iron. Two rendered chimneys with moulded detailing are located in the roof. The building has a ground floor verandah and first floor balcony with iron balustrading and chamfered timber posts and brackets. The timber posts on the ground floor have a recent concrete base. Paired timber doors with breezeway and fanlight assembly with leadlight detail are located in the entrance to the lounge bar area.</p><br>
<p>Internally, on the ground floor, the ceiling in the lounge bar area has plaster cornices with egg and dart motif decorative detail. An entrance in the eastern side of the original section leads to the beer garden area, which was added to the building in the 1980s. A doorway in what was the eastern wall of the original section leads to a passageway and an original turning timber staircase with decorative motifs on the newel. Four rooms open to the first floor balcony on the western side of the building. The rooms have double hung sash windows with timber architraves. The ceilings are pressed metal. Each room also has timber French doors opening to the balcony. Two austere rooms with timber French doors opening to the balcony are located in the centre of the floor. On the southern side of the timber staircase, more accommodation space is located and is currently occupied. Three sets of timber French doors open to the balcony from this area. A passage runs north south along the first floor, turning and leading to the 1918 extension. An entrance to the later extension has been closed over. A large window with timber architraves and frosted, decorative glass is located at the end of the southern wall. Toilet facilities with fittings s, are located on the western side of the first floor.</p><br>
<p>The later extension (1918) is two-storeyed rendered brick with a hipped roof clad with corrugated iron. Internally, the bar is located along the eastern wall. A large window with timber architraves, and frosted glass featuring a lighthouse design, is located along the northern wall. The bar area is open plan with original plaster ceilings with decorative cornices. Toilet facilities are located in the western corner. The bar area opens to the gaming room, a 1960s addition to the hotel. The first floor of the 1918 extension is currently used for accommodation.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Waterloo Bay Hotel was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 July 2000 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Constructed in 1889, with a number of later extensions, the Waterloo Bay Hotel is most significant in demonstrating the evolution of Queensland&#39;s history, being closely associated with the establishment of the railway to Wynnum and the subsequent evolution of Wynnum as a popular seaside resort in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The Cleveland-Wynnum line was one of the railway lines constructed specifically for recreational purposes and is important in understanding the development of the railway in Queensland. With the opening up of the Cleveland-Wynnum area, an increase in the number of day trippers and holiday makers was possible, thus enabling the Waterloo Bay Hotel to capitalise on such a population increase. Further, the Waterloo Bay Hotel is significant as an example of a hotel that has functioned as such for over a century and is one of the few remaining buildings in Wynnum associated with the opening of the railway line.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Built in a similar style to the Grandview Hotel at Cleveland, the Waterloo Bay Hotel is significant as a good example of a prominent, two-storeyed masonry hotel with substantial ground floor verandah and first floor balcony with timber posts and cast iron balusters and brackets.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Forming an integral part of the Wynnum townscape for over 110 years, the Waterloo Bay Hotel is a well-known landmark in the area.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>It has played a major role in social activities of the Wynnum community throughout this period of time.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Waterloo Bay Hotel is significant for its association with George Gibbs, a local stonemason who constructed the hotel, later retiring and remaining in the Wynnum area. Gibbs Street, Wynnum is named for George Gibbs. The 1918 extension is associated with the work of well known Brisbane architect GHM Addison. Addison is known for such work as the Old Museum Building, Cumbooquepa (Somerville House) and The Mansions.</p><br>
<p>Cerro del Chiquihuite  is a hill located in the north of Mexico City, in the borough of Gustavo A. Madero and bordering the municipality of Tlalnepantla de Baz in the State of Mexico. The hill has a height of 2,730 m above sea level and forms part of the Sierra Guadalupe mountain range.</p><br>
<p>It was used as a filming location for the 1993 Mexican film Lolo.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Cerro del Chiquihuite is a volcanic exogenic dome made of andesitic rock deposited in layers of varying thickness that show signs of extreme weathering. In the past, Chiquihuite had springs of water scattered over its surface, but with the passing of years, these springs have diminished in size.</p><br>
<p>Historically the mountain has housed several springs, but most of these have dried up. For instance, in the borough of Lázaro Cárdenas, only the largest of these, known as "El Pocito", still flows.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is rather heavily developed and is prone to landslides; in 1987, 15 people were killed by mudslides off Cerro del Chiquihuite and La Presa hills after heavy rains hit Mexico City.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>The chiquihuitazo</h3><br>
<p>On December 27, 2002, armed guards hired by Televisión Azteca stormed and took over the transmitter facilities of XHTVM-TV channel 40, which are located on the mountain. The takeover, which stemmed from a contractual and legal dispute over a 1998 contract between XHTVMs owners and Azteca, led to a series of events, negotiations and public debate known as the chiquihuitazo, after the mountain, that resulted in XHTVMs owners rebuffing Azteca&#39;s forceful attempt to retake the station.</p><br>
<p>The chiquihuitazo resulted in, "No Te Metas con mi Chiquihuite" (Don&#39;t Mess with My Chiquihuite), produced by a program that aired on Canal 40 at the time.</p><br>
<h3>15th Century: The Templo Mayor</h3><br>
<p>During the 15th century, the Cerro del Chiquihuite was located on the shores of Lake Texcoco, some 9 to 12 kilometers from the heart of the Aztecan empire, Tenochtitlán. The Cerro del Chiquihuite was made principally of a pinkish and violet rock called andesita de lamprobolita, an extrusive igneous rock. One of the principle merits of this rock is the pseudo stratification of its deposited layers of varying thickness. This characteristic allows for flat cuts of stone to be obtained with ease to be used for the tiling of the floor, corners and overhead masonry. Among the towns located in the basin of Mexico, this type of rock was known as Tenayocátetl (Piedra de Tenayuca), and was used in the construction of the Templo Mayor.</p><br>
<h2>Broadcasting</h2><br>
<p>A road leads to the top of the mountain, where transmitters are located for nine FM radio stations and eleven television stations, as well as other telecommunications equipment.</p><br>
<h3>Television stations</h3><br>
<p>XHDF-TDT, channel 1 virtual/25 digital</p><br>
<p>XHIMT-TDT, channel 7 virtual/24 digital</p><br>
<p>XEIPN-TDT, channel 11 virtual/33 digital</p><br>
<p>XHCDM-TDT, channel 21 digital</p><br>
<p>XEIMT-TDT, channel 22 virtual/23 digital</p><br>
<p>XHTRES-TDT, channel 28 virtual/27 digital</p><br>
<p>XHOPMA-TDT, channel 30 digital</p><br>
<p>XHTVM-TDT, channel 40 virtual/26 digital</p><br>
<p>XHHCU-TDT, channel 45 digital</p><br>
<h3>Radio stations</h3><br>
<p>XEDA-FM 90.5 MHz</p><br>
<p>XHDL-FM 98.5 MHz</p><br>
<p>XHMM-FM 100.1 MHz</p><br>
<p>XHMVS-FM 102.5 MHz</p><br>
<p>XHEXA-FM 104.9 MHz</p><br>
<p>Five stations owned by Grupo Radio Centro maintain backup facilities on Cerro del Chiquihuite. They were relocated to a new facility at Villa Alpina, Naucalpan, State of Mexico, in August 2012.</p><br>
<p>Grand View Hotel is a heritage-listed hotel at 49 North Street, Cleveland, City of Redland, Queensland, Australia. It was built onwards. It was also known as Brighton Hotel and Cleveland House. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The core of this complex of buildings was erected in the early 1850s for the Hon. Francis Edward Bigge, Member of the New South Wales Legislative Council, who purchased the site in August 1851.</p><br>
<p>In the 1840s and 1850s squatters from the Darling Downs and Ipswich interests urged for recognition of Cleveland Point, which had served as the port for Dunwich during the convict period, as the port for Moreton Bay. Francis Bigge, a grazier from Mount Brisbane Station, was one of the leading lobbyists. In the early 1850s he invested heavily in industry and housing at Cleveland.</p><br>
<p>The earliest section of the hotel, built as a prominent demonstration of confidence in Clevelands future development, appears to have been erected by 1852, but appears to have remained unoccupied for several years. Known colloquially as Bigges Folly, and formally as Cleveland House, it contained two sitting rooms and five bedrooms with a kitchen and servants&#39; rooms connected via a covered passageway. The core was surrounded by a 3 metres wide verandah.</p><br>
<p>From 1855 to 1860 John Vincent Cassim, a Kangaroo Point boarding house keeper, leased Cleveland House as a boarding establishment. Stabling, a coach-house, store and tap were erected in mid-1860. By 1862 the building had been leased by publican William Rae as the Brighton Hotel, with its own bathing-house and jetty, and 10 tonne pleasure cutter.</p><br>
<p>The building also served as a venue for Anglican services prior to the construction of St Pauls Anglican Church nearby in 1874.</p><br>
<p>In 1878 the property was acquired by publicans Andrew and Mary Goodall, and the hotel appears to have been extended to the southeast. Major alterations that give the building its present two-storeyed form are likely to have been carried out in the late 1880s or mid-1890s, when the Cleveland railway line was opened to Cleveland Central and later extended to Cleveland Point. It became known as the Grand View Hotel c.1910, and remained in the Goodall-Singh family until 1936.</p><br>
<p>Other outbuildings have been added since the 1940s. Five miniature, representational murals on the wall behind the public bar probably were painted in the 1950s, and the complex was renovated in 1982 and again in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The Grand View continues to operate as a hotel, and is one of the oldest hotels in Queensland in continuous use.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Grand View Hotel, a complex of buildings with a predominant two-storeyed masonry section built up to the footpath line on North Street, is located on the spur leading to Cleveland Point and overlooks water on three sides.</p><br>
<p>Open verandahs on each level of the two-storeyed section face the street, returning around the northeast elevation. The curved verandah roof is set down below a main roof of hipped perimeter. One chimney rises above the ridges. The verandahs have cast iron balustrade, brackets and valance, alluding to, but differing from, an earlier design. Below the balustrade is a patterned boarded timber frieze. Rear and southwest verandahs are enclosed with flat sheeting.</p><br>
<p>The principal internal walls are of rendered brick. A wide central hall divides each level. The upper level, structurally intact, includes an ornate fireplace and has been adapted as private living quarters. French doors with fanlights open onto the verandahs, and a spacious stairwell, with painted turned timber balustrade, is lit by skylight through a tapering timber boarded shaft.</p><br>
<p>The lower level contains reception rooms and a kitchen. A large room with a marble and tiled fireplace opens to the northeast through French doors, with casement windows above, which may date from the 1850s. The main entrance, in the northeast wall, has side lights of clear and red glass with an early stencilled glass fanlight. The main foyer, formerly verandah space, contains some early brickwork free of paint or render.</p><br>
<p>Abutting the two-storeyed structure, on the southwest face, is a small chamferboard, single-storeyed building with a hipped roof and a separate curved roof over a narrow verandah. It opens on to the beer garden and, internally, a portion of the higher, boarded ceiling remains.</p><br>
<p>Adjoining these buildings is a complex of rooms, under shallow skillion roofs, surrounded by parapets.</p><br>
<p>The public bar contains a series of miniature wall paintings depicting local historical events.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The Grand View Hotel was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Grand View Hotel at Cleveland, the core of which was erected in the early 1850s, is important in demonstrating the evolution and pattern of early European settlement in Queensland, its construction illustrating the diverse forces operating within that pattern.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>It contains surviving evidence of one of the earliest buildings in Cleveland. The Grand View Hotel demonstrates a rare aspect of Queensland&#39;s history, as one of the oldest extant hotels in Queensland in continuous use.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The building is important in exhibiting a landmark quality and contribution to the Cleveland Point townscape, which is valued by the Cleveland community</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with FE Bigge and the movement to establish Cleveland as the port for Moreton Bay, and Ipswich as the capital.</p><br>
<p>The Old First National Bank of Prineville is a historic commercial building in Prineville, Oregon, United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The First National Bank was originally organized in 1887 as the first bank in Central Oregon, and erected its first building at a prominent downtown intersection in 1888. The present building on the site, the bank&#39;s second, was built in 1905 of locally-quarried stone. Its dignified American Renaissance architecture reflects the growth and prosperity of the banking company, and by extension that of Prineville and Crook County. It was also the first of three prominent buildings whose use of native basalt from the same quarry lends a distinctive feel to central Prineville.</p><br>
<p>The First National Bank of Prineville merged with the First National Bank of Portland in 1941, and moved to new quarters in Prineville in 1953. That same year, the historic bank building was joined with the adjacent Foster and Hyde Store building through removal of a common interior wall and converted to retail space.</p><br>
<p>Smooth Island is an island located off the west coast of Eyre Peninsula in South Australia about 52 km south west of the town of Ceduna. It is both part of a local group of islands known as the Isles of St Francis group and a larger group known as the Nuyts Archipelago. It has enjoyed protected area status since the 1960s and since 2011, it has been part of the Nuyts Archipelago Wilderness Protection Area.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Smooth Island is an island located within the Isles of St Francis group which itself is part of the Nuyts Archipelago. It is located about 52 km south west of the town of Ceduna on the west coast of Eyre Peninsula in South Australia. Several sources states that the island is located about 200 m north of St Francis Island while the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency and charts published by the Government of South Australia respectively state and show that the island is located ‘almost 1 nmi N of the NE extremity of St. Francis Island’.</p><br>
<p>The island is predominantly dome shaped with a summit at a height of 35 m with steep sides rising from the surrounding waters.</p><br>
<p>The island is considered to be difficult to access via watercraft in ‘normal conditions’ on the basis of ‘impressions from a brief flyover’ in a helicopter during 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Formation, geology and oceanography</h2><br>
<p>Smooth Island was formed about 7700 years ago when sea levels rose at the start of the Holocene. The island’s geology consists of a ‘granite base and thin calcarenite mantle’ which is ‘likely to be fragmented into jagged rocks and shingles, with a sandy, skeletal soil filling depressions’ in areas that are ‘beyond the reach of storm waves‘. The island’s steep sides drop into water of depth equal or greater than 20 m.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>European discovery and use</h3><br>
<p>Smooth Island is reported as being named by Matthew Flinders in 1802 and was so named because of the ‘island’s shape’. The Baudin expedition to Australia named the island as Ile Malesherbes later in 1802.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<h3>Flora</h3><br>
<p>As of 1996, the literature suggests that no onsite flora survey had been carried out and accordingly, contains the following description based on an extrapolation of observations carried out on nearby Egg Island. Saltbush and nitre-bush should be present where soil pockets exist in the calcarenite capping while an open heath of twiggy daisy-bush should be present over the central part of the island.</p><br>
<h4>Sub tidal flora</h4><br>
<p>A survey carried out in 2002 found that kelp from the genus Ecklonia was the dominant plant cover on reef substrate at a depth of 22 m while a community of Cystophora and Sargassum species were dominant on reef substrate at a depth of 5 m.</p><br>
<h3>Fauna</h3><br>
<p>As of 1996, the literature suggests that no onsite fauna survey had been carried out as the following list is an extrapolation of species present on nearby Egg Island. Seabird species are likely to be represented by sooty oystercatcher, crested tern and pacific gull as well as visitors such as white-bellied sea-eagle. Land bird species that are likely to visit the island are the rock parrot and the richard&#39;s pipit. Reptilian species are likely to include the marbled gecko, the four-toed earless skink and the bull skink.</p><br>
<h2>Protected area status</h2><br>
<p>Smooth Island first received protected area status as a fauna reserve declared under the Fauna Conservation Act 1964 during the 1960s. In 1972, it become part of the Isles of St Francis Conservation Park which was declared under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 to ‘conserve island populations and habitat for endangered species’. As of 2011, it was part of the portion of the Nuyts Archipelago Conservation Park which was excised to create the Nuyts Archipelago Wilderness Protection Area. As of 2012, the waters adjoining Smooth Island are part of a sanctuary zone within the Nuyts Archipelago Marine Park.</p><br>
<p>The Rumford Public Library is located at 56 Rumford Avenue in Rumford, Maine. The building it is located in was designed by noted Maine architect John Calvin Stevens, and was built with a funding grant from Andrew Carnegie in 1903. The architecturally distinguished building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The original portion of the Rumford library is a 1-1/2 story red brick structure with a side-gable roof. Its Romanesque styling is most pronounced in its projecting entry pavilion, a gable-roofed section centered on the middle third of the main facade that has a large round arch, in which the entrance is recessed. A rectangular stone panel above the arch identifies the building, and there are a trio of sash windows above that, with a small round stone panel near the peak of the gable. A belt course of stone separates the main floor from the raised basement, which is also finished in brick. A modern addition was added to the original block in 1969.</p><br>
<p>The main entry of the library leads into a vestibule, and then a centrally-positioned circulation desk, with reading rooms to either side, and stacks in the modern addition to the rear. The reading areas are decorated with dark-stained window trim, vertical wainscoting, and a fireplace with a bracketed mantel in the north room.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first library established in the Rumford area was a private circulating collection of 1,000 volumes established by A. Z. Cates. A campaign for a permanent public library was enhanced by a $10,000 grant from the Carnegie Foundation in 1903, with the gift of shelving and books by local industrialist Hugh J. Chisholm. The library building was designed by the Portland architect John Calvin Stevens, who designed a number of public library buildings throughout the state.</p><br>
<p>The Brown House is a historic house on High Street in Brownville, Maine, United States. This two-story wood frame house was built in 1815 by Francis Brown, for whom the town is named. It is architecturally distinctive for a period suspended ceiling on the second floor. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Brown House is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a side gable roof and two interior chimneys, on the north side of High Street, a short way west of Main Street. It is clad in weatherboard and rests on a granite foundation. An ell extends to the rear of the house, connecting it to a perpendicularly-oriented single-story carriage barn. The main entrance, centered on the south-facing facade, has a Federal-style pilastered surround, with sidelight windows and a transom window. Its windows have simple molded architrave trim. The most distinctive architectural feature of the building is the second-floor ceiling, which consists of plaster and lath fixed to 2x4 members which are themselves attached to a network of massive hewn 4x4 and 10x10 timber elements. The ceiling is thus not supported at all by the walls.</p><br>
<p>The town of Brownville has its origins in the early 19th-century purchase of a large tract of land by Massachusetts native Moses Brown, who in 1815 sent his son Francis to build a lumber mill and develop the area. Over the course of twelve years Francis built this house, bringing in hardware from Boston, foundation stones from quarries on the Maine coast, and clay for the chimney bricks from Charleston, some 30 mi away. When finished it was by far the grandest house in the town.</p><br>
<p>The Palace of the National Military Circle, also known as the Officers Circle Palace  is located on Constantin Mile street in Bucharest, Romania. It was built in 1911 by architect Dimitrie Maimarolu using French neoclassical style. The beneficiary was the Officers Circle of the Bucharest military garrison, which was founded in 1876.</p><br>
<p>The palace was built on the site of the old Sărindar monastery; the fountain in front of the palace bears its name.</p><br>
<p>During the 1919 German occupation of Bucharest in the First World War, the building&#39;s interiors were devastated. After the end of the war, the palace was officially inaugurated in 1923. During the communist period, the name was replaced with "Central House of the Army" (Casa Centrală a Armatei). In 1989, it was renamed the "National Military Circle" (Cercul Militar Național).</p><br>
<p>Today, the National Military Circle is considered a historic and architectural monument. It represents the central cultural institution of the Romanian army and it is also used for various cultural events and for representation and protocol purposes. The restaurant and the terrace are open to the public.</p><br>
<p>Staatsarchiv Zürich, or by its native name Staatsarchiv des Kantons Zürich and commonly shortened to Staatsarchiv, is the name of the state archives of the Swiss Canton of Zürich respectively of the former city republic of Zürich and its preceding statutories.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The state archives host the administrative records of the Canton of Zürich, as it was established in 1803 in its current form. It also preserves the administrative records of the predecessor of the Canton of Zürich, so the records of the Helvetic Kanton Zürich, and in particular of the old city-state Zürich until 1798. In addition to being the "official memory of the administration", it is a versatile documentation and facility for scientific research and for the public. The 4 February 1837 marked the beginning of a new era in Zürich&#39;s archives, when Hans Jakob Ammann was elected by the cantonal authorities as the director of the Staatsarchiv. He succeeded the previous "registrar" historian Gerold Meyer von Knonau, who was later given the title Staatsarchivar (literally: state archivist), as he first started to merge various special archives to a central archive, among them of Fraumünster, Grossmünster and the former city council, and further non-official archives, but also of the Grand Council (now Kantonsrat), and the Government and cantonal Supreme Court, as well as the documents of the former Kappel and Rüti monasteries and the cantonal Reformed churches. Since 1837, therefore all cantonal, including all municipalities of the canton of Zürich oriented activities have to be recorded and stored by the Staatsarchiv.</p><br>
<h2>Archives and activities</h2><br>
<p>Staatsarchiv is the archive of the public institutions of the Canton of Zurich, so the cantonal parliament, the government, the cantonal central and district administration and the courts and institutions. It stores, opens and permanently preserves the lore worthy documents. As a historical archive, it also keeps the administrative records of the ancient city-state of Zurich since the European Middle Ages. The archives are supplemented by documents stocks of private origin, among them companies, associations, guilds, families and individuals. The retention of these documents allows to make the state action understandable, enables historical research and the use of cultural interests in the broadest sense, accessible for all interested parties in accordance with legal provisions. In addition, it operates as a public reference library with the focus on "History of the Canton of Zurich" and "archival science". It supervises and also advises the municipalities of the canton in matters of archiving.</p><br>
<p>Staatsarchiv preserves mostly unique and large parts of medieval handwritten documents, but some documents related to the city of Zürich are still housed at the Haus zum Rechberg at Neumarkt, Zürich.</p><br>
<p>The archival holdings date back to 853 AD, as Zürich was the imperial Pfalz Turicum, thenafter an imperial city, and a federal center of the Reformation in Zürich. This history has been reflected in the holdings of the archive. Noteworthy is the continuity of the Zürich archives, that owes to the absence of large disasters and wars. For example, the government protocols, which can be described as the backbone of history, are nearly completely preserved since the late 15th century. The newer stocks of the Canton of Zurich (since 1798/1803 and since 1831) started quantitatively to be the main focus of the tradition in the archives. Every year, the archives records approximately 800 m linear meters of new content in paper. The increased volume origins by the cantonal authorities, as cantonal council, councillor including central and district administration, notaries, cantonal institutions, and courts. In addition, there are also more and more private documents related to the modern history of the Canton of Zurich, so company archives, individual documents, and heritage documents in the widest sense. Currently, more than 30 km of paper files are stored, and terabytes of electronic files, but just partially accessible to the public.</p><br>
<p>As of 3 October 2017, all documents of the former city republic of Zürich back to 1803 have been digitalized and are accessible to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Collections and curiosities</h2><br>
<p>Between 1888 and 1978, more than 50,000 inventive and innovative Zürich citizens applied for more than 50,000 patents at the Swiss Federal Patent Office, united in the collection Patentschriften. Ammong them a bathing suit invented by Hermann Brupbacher in 1894, described as a "bathing suit for people who are unfamiliar with swimming...in which floating bodies made of rubber tubes filled with crushed cork pieces are sewn in". There are not only curiosities to be found, there are also patents for a motor vehicle registered by F. Vogel in Küsnacht in 1905, or the patent for the nuclear reactor of the Sulzer Winterthur industries from 1957 The digitized patent specifications, which in most cases also include a drawing, are available online. The seal stamp of the city seal of 1347, which shows the three saints Felix, Regula and Exuperantius, is the oldest example of the collection Objekte. It also includes younger state objects such as the Zürich standard weight, a dog measuring device from 1909, or the ballotage box of the cantonal council of 1831, which was used to vote on petitions for pardon. The Plansammlung collection of plans consists of around 25,000 documents back to the 17th century, and this valuable collection of plans can also be viewed online.</p><br>
<h2>Organization</h2><br>
<p>As a public institution, the state archives are part of the cantonal administration and associated to the cantonal Department of Justice and Interior (Direktion der Justiz und des Innern).</p><br>
<p>The archives are structured into five sections, including</p><br>
<p>evaluation, selection and acquisition of documents</p><br>
<p>order and distribution of the documents received</p><br>
<p>advice and support for customers</p><br>
<p>conservation of the stocks</p><br>
<p>detailed indexing and publishing of key sources.</p><br>
<p>The staff comprises around 75 employees including historians and restorers. Other responsibilities include assisting in the genealogy, the edition of primary sources, the inventory of monuments, the creation of archival aids for authorities and communities, and the maintenance of various collections, among them maps, charts and pamphlets.</p><br>
<h2>Locations</h2><br>
<p>Until 1982, the state archives were housed in buildings that had been intended as a temporary, or at least not built for archive purposes: From 1837 to 1876 at the Fraumünster abbey at the site of the present town house, from 1876 to 1919 in an annex of the governmental Obmannamt building (the former Barfüsser abbey, as of today the cantonal courthouse), and from 1919 to 1982 in the choir of the Predigern abbey, as of today the University&#39;s library.</p><br>
<p>Since 1982 the archives are concentrated at the Irchelpark campus of the University of Zürich, in a building specifically constructed for their needs. An extension was obtained in March 2006, the subsequent conversion of the archive building was completed in mid-2007. The building comprises six floors, of which four are located underground, to ensure safe storage, stable climatic conditions, contemporary protection from fire and water damage, and the maximum protection for the archives.</p><br>
<p>Because the capacities are expected to be exhausted again in 2019, a further extension was approved by the parliament of the Canton of Zürich in March 2016; 25 million Swiss Francs for the construction of Bau 3 (stage 3). The present capacity of 16 km running archive room will expanded by a subterranean construction comprising a capacity of further 2,000 m. Adjacent to the present building (stage 2), a cafeteria and conference rooms will be built, including a solar power plant.</p><br>
<h2>Cultural heritage of national importance</h2><br>
<p>Staatsarchiv Zürich is listed in the Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance as a Class A object of national importance.</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>Christian Sieber: Die gedruckten Bestände im Staatsarchiv des Kantons Zürich. Zürich 2007.</p><br>
<p>Meinrad Sutter, Agenes Hohl Otto Sigg, Thomas Weibel, Reto Weiss, Josef Zweifel, Werner Reich (photos): Staatsarchiv des Kantons Zürich: Kleine Zürcher Verfassungsgeschichte 1218–2000. Published by Direktion der Justiz und des Innern, Chronos, Zürich 2000.</p><br>
<p>Otto Sigg: Karten und Pläne als Quelle zur Industrie- und Umweltgeschichte, am Beispiel der Bestände des Staatsarchivs Zürich. In: Cartographica Helvetica 6 (1992) p. 29–31.</p><br>
<p>The Ryefield Bridge is a historic bridge connecting Ryefield Bridge Road in Harrison, Maine to West Andrew Hill Road in Otisfield, Maine, across the Crooked River. Built in 1912, it is one of the oldest surviving Warren truss bridges in the state, and is a rare example with double-intersection diagonals, added for increased rigidity. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The bridge is set in a rural area of western Maine, set across the Crooked River, which forms the border between the towns of Harrison to the west and Otisfield to the east, in an area known locally as Stuart&#39;s Corner. The bridge is a single span, 98 ft in length, resting on ashlar granite abutments. Steel beams and stringers carry a road deck 16.5 ft wide, covered with planking. It has two Warren through trusses, whose elements are riveted in place, with a second set of diagonal members (the "double intersection" members) that add rigidity to the structure. The portals are adorned with decorative plaques identifying the date and manufacturer of the structure.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was manufactured by the American Bridge Company and installed in 1912 by its construction arm, the United Construction Company of Albany, New York. It is one of a handful of known pre-1916 Warren truss bridges in the state, and a particularly rare example of a lighter-weight instance with double-intersection diagonals. The cost of construction was paid by the towns of Harrison and Otisfield.</p><br>
<p>Uptown Suburbs Historic District, also known as Johnson Place, Sheraton Hill, The Parkway, Roland Park, and Emerywood, is a national historic district located at High Point, Guilford County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 759 contributing buildings, 2 contributing sites, and 12 contributing structures in a predominantly middle- to upper-class residential section of High Point. They were built between 1903 and 1963 and include notable examples of Colonial Revival architecture, Tudor Revival architecture, and Bungalow / American Craftsman architecture. Located in the district and listed separately are the Lucy and J. Vassie Wilson House, Dr. C. S. Grayson House, Hardee Apartments, J. C. Siceloff House, John H. Adams House, and A. E. Taplin Apartment Building. Another notable building is the Sidney Halstead Tomlinson House .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>Washington Street Historic District is a national historic district located at High Point, Guilford County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 36 contributing buildings and 1 contributing structure in a predominantly African-American section of High Point. They date from the early- to mid-20th century and include a mix of commercial and residential buildings in a variety of popular architectural styles including Art Moderne, Classical Revival architecture, Colonial Revival architecture, Gothic Revival architecture, and Bungalow / American Craftsman architecture. Located in the district and listed separately are the Kilby Hotel, First Baptist Church, and William Penn High School. Other notable buildings include the Odd Fellows Hall, Morgan Apartments, Hoover’s Funeral Home, the Toussaint L’Ouverture Lodge No. 524, Yarborough Law Building and the Washington Street Branch of the High Point Public Library.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>Sunset Hills Historic District is a national historic district located at Greensboro, Guilford County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 912 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 13 contributing structures in a predominantly middle- to upper-class residential section of Greensboro. They were built between 1925 and 1965 and include notable examples of Colonial Revival architecture, Tudor Revival architecture, and Bungalow / American Craftsman architecture. Located in the district is Sunset Park.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<h2>Notable buildings</h2><br>
<p>Our Lady of Grace Catholic Church</p><br>
<p>St. Andrew&#39;s Episcopal Church</p><br>
<p>Ebenezer Lutheran Church</p><br>
<p>Borsko jezero  is an artificial lake in eastern Serbia , at an altitude of 438 m, less than 20 km from the city of Bor, about 250 km south east from Belgrade. It is on the road from Bor to Žagubica. Hotels and country houses are built around Lake Bor, since it is a tourist attraction.</p><br>
<p>The lake is a result of the construction of a dam of the rivers Valja Dzoni, Marec and part of Zlot (Zlotska reka) which took place in 1959 for the operation of the mining and smelting company RTB Bor (Rudarsko topioničarski basen Bor DOO). It has a surface area of around 30 hectare. The lowest depth of the water is 48 m. It is surrounded by forests. On its shores there is one hotel and one camping. It is popular in the summer, when the water temperature reaches 25 &deg;C and it has two beaches. There are also winter activities in the area, such as skiing in the close-by facilities of the Crni Vrh mountain. Other attractions in the area are the Brestovačka Banja spa, the Stol mountain and the Gornjak monastery.</p><br>
<p>The Campus Fire Station is a working fire station and classroom facility located on the Oklahoma State University campus in Stillwater, Oklahoma. It was built as a shared facility to provide fire coverage for the city and campus, and to provide space for the first academic degree program for firefighters in the United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Growing out of initiatives by fire insurance companies to improve fire protection and cut insurance losses, Oklahoma was active in the firefighter professionalization movement as early as the 1894 formation of the Oklahoma Territorial Firemans Association. Lectures on firefighting techniques at the associations annual conventions grew into a Fire School hosted at the Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College (OAMC), now the Oklahoma State University–Stillwater campus. OAMC created the Department of Firemanship Training in 1937, the first degree program for firefighters in the nation. A desire to expand training facilities, as well as the citys growth, led to the construction of a joint city fire station and fire training laboratory. The OAMC firemanship departments class of 1940, the first in the new facility, received certificates in a two-year program. Graduates have received a bachelor&#39;s degree since 1970.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>Construction of the Campus Fire Station was started in 1938 and finished in 1939, funded jointly by the college, the city, and the federal Public Works Administration. It was designed by OAMC architect Philip A. Wilbur, and is located on the campus at Knoblock Street and College (now University) Avenue.</p><br>
<p>The fire station has a core brick rectangular building, 77 x 82 feet and three stories high, two wings, and a five-story drill tower topped by a steeple. It is in Georgian or Colonial revival architecture style like many other buildings on the campus. The building was designed as an active fire station, and as such contains four bays and large garage doors on the lower floor with classrooms on the upper floors. The outside of the building retains much of its historic character. The interior has been updated over the years to accommodate new technologies and training requirements.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004 for its significance as the site of pioneering educational initiatives that contributed to the professionalization of the American fire departments, earning it the name "the West Point of the Fire Service."</p><br>
<p>Crooked Creek is a tributary of Kitchen Creek in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 1.8 mi long and flows through Fairmount Township. The watershed of the creek has an area of 1.20 square miles and there is one named tributary. The creek is considered to be Class A Wild Trout Waters and a portion of it flows through Ricketts Glen State Park. Wisconsinan Till, Wisconsinan Outwash, and alluvium can be found in its vicinity.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>Crooked Creek begins in a pond at the base of North Mountain, just west of the community of Ripple and not far from Ricketts Glen State Park in Fairmount Township. The creek flows southwest for several hundred feet, crossing Pennsylvania Route 118. It then turns west-southwest for more than a mile, its valley gradually deepening. It crosses Bethel Hill Road and receives an unnamed tributary from the left. The creek eventually turns south and after a few tenths of a mile, reaches its confluence with Kitchen Creek.</p><br>
<p>Crooked Creek joins Kitchen Creek 4.80 mi upstream of its mouth.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology, geography and geology</h2><br>
<p>The concentration of alkalinity in the waters of Crooked Creek is 7 milligrams per liter.</p><br>
<p>The elevation near the mouth of Crooked Creek is 994 ft above sea level. The elevation of the creek&#39;s source is between 1,340 and.</p><br>
<p>For much of its length, Crooked Creek flows through Wisconsinan Till, Wisconsinan Outwash, and alluvium. The Wisconsinian Till is a glacial till that is more than 6 ft thick. The Wisconsinian Outwash consists of stratified sand and gravel and ranges from 6 ft to more than 30 ft thick. The alluvium contains stratified silt, sand, and gravel, and is typically more than 6 ft thick. Bedrock made of shale and sandstone can also be found in the vicinity of the creek in its lower reaches. The Wisconsinian Till is prevalent in the creek&#39;s upper reaches.</p><br>
<h2>Watershed</h2><br>
<p>The watershed of Crooked Creek has an area of 1.20 square miles. The creek is in the United States Geological Survey quadrangles of Red Rock and Sweet Valley. Its mouth is in the former and its source is in the latter. The lower and middle reaches of the creek are in Ricketts Glen State Park.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Crooked Creek was entered into the Geographic Names Information System on August 2, 1979. Its identifier in the Geographic Names Information System is 1192314.</p><br>
<h2>Biology</h2><br>
<p>Crooked Creek is considered by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission to be Class A Wild Trout Waters for brook trout. The creek holds this designation for its entire length. The Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission describes Class A Wild Trout Waters as being able to "support a population of naturally produced trout of sufficient size and abundance to support a long-term and rewarding sport fishery" and also not being stocked with fish.</p><br>
<p>The Gulf Oil Company Service Station is a former automotive service station at Main and South Third Streets in Paragould, Arkansas. Built in 1926, it is a single-story brick building, with a canopied area similar to a porte-cochere supported by brick columns. The building has stylistic elements giving it a vague Mediterranean appearance, including an entablature with egg-and-dart molding beneath a metal cornice and parapet. It is divided functionally into four rooms: an office, two restrooms, and a tool storage area. The building was used as a service station until 1969.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994, at which time it was vacant; its owner since the 1940s refused offers to repurpose the building, preferring to keep it in pristine condition.</p><br>
<p>The McCarthy Power Plant, also known as the Mother Lode Coalition Mining Company Power House and the Mother Lode Plant, is a historic power plant building in the small community of McCarthy, Alaska, in the heart of Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve. It is a three-story wood frame structure with a clerestory roof, located on the banks of McCarthy Creek. It was built in 1917, after the arrival of the Copper River and Northwestern Railway in the area kicked of a building boom. The coal-fired power plant was built to provide electricity for the operation of a tramway and other facilities of the Kennecott mines. Most of the transmission lines and the tramway were destroyed by avalanches in 1919, and other changes made soon afterward made the power plant unnecessary, and its turbine was moved up to Kennecott.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Lelepa  is an island in the southwestern Pacific island nation of Vanuatu. It belongs to the New Hebrides and is located off the northwest coast of the island of Efate.</p><br>
<p>Lelepa has a length of about five kilometers in north-south direction and an area of 160 hectares. The highest point is Mt. Tifit (202 m). The population of Lelepa is about 500 people. The largest town on the island Natapao (pop. 350),is located on the southern edge of the island. At the northern end of the island lies the village Lelo. On the island there is a school, a kindergarten and two churches (Presbyterian Church and Seventh-day Adventists).</p><br>
<p>Together with the neighboring islands Moso and Efate, Lelepa forms the natural harbor Havannah Harbour, named after the British ship HMS Havannah that twice anchored there in 1849-50.</p><br>
<p>The local language is Lelepa language, spoken by about 400 people. It is sometimes considered a dialect of South Efate language.</p><br>
<h2>Fels Cave</h2><br>
<p>On the southwestern side of the island is Fels Cave. The name Falesa denotes a cave in the Nakanamanga language, Fels or Feles are local dialect variants. Within the cave there are many rock drawings, up to 3000 years old rock. Since 2008, the cave has been part of Chief Roi Mata&#39;s Domain, which was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.</p><br>
<p>According to legend, the principal chief Roi Mata died in this cave, towards the end of the sixteenth century. From the entrance, there is a direct view of Eretoka, where he was buried. In other legends the cave was the residence of the first carrier of the title Chief Roi Mata.</p><br>
<p>Fels Cave, at an elevation of 22 meters, opens from a 6-meter high entrance to a height of 35 meters. Its diameter is about 50 meters, with an approximately circular floor plan. The surrounding rock, locally called fta, consists of volcanic breccia and pumice. It is protected from erosion by the overlying limestone, an uplifted coral reef.</p><br>
<p>Except for the darkened rear wall, all the walls of the cave are covered to head height with cave paintings, some of which overlap each other. The oldest ones are red spots and handprints, probably dating from the first millennium BCE, assigned to the Lapita culture. However, most of the pictures are black line drawings. Among them are some that are 1500 years old, but most were made much later; the most recently dated ones are from the eighteenth century. The illustrations show birds, fish, and anthropomorphic figures. Abstract designs include simple and complex geometric figures such as angles, triangles and diamond shapes. The largest human representation, according to tradition, is that of Roi Mata.</p><br>
<p>Excavations show no evidence that the cave was ever inhabited. In earthquakes, it is regularly threatened by rockslides. In the last major earthquake in 2002, part of the entrance collapsed.</p><br>
<p>For residents of Lelepa the cave is considered tapu. According to local beliefs, after death one&#39;s soul moves into the Fels Cave. It is said that one can then find their footprints at the entrance. There is a tradition to sweep that area after a death and to look for the footprints the next morning, which is still occasionally observed.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>Fels Cave has attracted European visitors since the nineteenth century. At the entrance of the cave, there is graffiti from travelers going back to 1874.</p><br>
<p>The municipality Natapau operates a travel company that brings visitors daily by canoe to the island. The island gained fame from the opening sequence of the US television show Survivor: Vanuatu, in which the contestants are on the beach of Lelepa. However, the actual jungle camp was on Efate in Mangaliliu.</p><br>
<p>John Marion Galloway House is a historic home located at Greensboro, Guilford County, North Carolina. It was designed by noted architect Harry Barton and built in 1919. It is a three-story, rectangular dwelling with Tudor Revival and Bungalow / American Craftsman style design elements. It has a veneer of random-coursed granite with half-timbered gable ends, gable-roofed dormers, and a red tile roof. Also on the property is a contributing two-story double garage which once included servants&#39; quarters.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It is located in the Fisher Park Historic District. The house was built for John Marion Galloway (1880-1922) who was reportedly the largest grower of bright leaf tobacco in the world.</p><br>
<p>Hillside, also known as the Julian Price House, is a historic mansion located in the Fisher Park neighborhood of Greensboro, Guilford County, North Carolina. It was designed by noted architect Charles C. Hartmann and built in 1929 for the businessman Julian Price. The house, a four story, 31-room, 180 foot long dwelling in the Tudor Revival style, sits at 7,266 square-feet. It has a three-story polygonal stair tower, red-brown rough fired brick, and half-timbering with tan stucco. Also on the property is a contributing rustic board-and-batten gardener&#39;s cottage.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It is located in the Fisher Park Historic District.</p><br>
<p>In January 2017, Sandra Cowart, famed interior designer and former owner of the home, was featured on an episode of A&E&#39;s Hoarders. Cowart, who had lived there since 1972, was an expert on the home and its architecture. She had kept the home in pristine condition until her husband left her in 1979, after she refused to sell the home and have it demolished. For many years, she rented out rooms in the mansion, and gave frequent tours. Her family had stated that after 2005, she rarely let anyone inside. She became a compulsive collector, and ultimately lost her business, forcing her to partake in several refinancing schemes that ultimately led to the home being foreclosed. The new owners were understanding, and allowed her to sell and dispose of her things. When asked how she felt about being forced to move, Cowart said she is "lucky" to have called Hillside home for 40 years, and hoped the new owners enjoyed it.</p><br>
<p>The Soldiers Memorial Library is the public library of Hiram, Maine. It is located at 85 Main Street in the center of the small town, in a small concrete-block building erected in 1915–16. It is architecturally significant as one only two library buildings in the state built using ornamental concrete blocks, and was for this reason listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The library building was designed by Boston architects Robert Wambolt and Amos A. Lawrence, and is set on a small grassy lot with several small memorials to the community&#39;s soldiers in front. It is a small single-story structure, with a hip roof and a projecting hip-roof entry facing north. The walls are fashioned out of concrete blocks that are rusticated on the outside, except for corner quoins, basement courses, and a single belt-course just below the roof, which are smooth-faced. The entry section has two bays, the left one with the main entrance, which is slightly recessed, and the right one with a grouping of three sash windows. Window trios also appear on the side facades. The roof has typical Craftsman style, with extended eaves and exposed rafter tails.</p><br>
<p>The interior is divided into several small rooms. The circulation desk is immediately right of the entrance, with the main book collection in the southeast corner (later augmented by stacks added to the basement). Much of the remaining space is taken up by reading areas, one of which features a massive cobblestone fireplace. A plastered section of the chimney above the mantel has bronze plaques affixed, identifying all but one of the town&#39;s military service personnel who served in wars from the American Revolution to the Spanish–American War.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the library was made possible by a gift from Mrs. Virginia Gordon and other local residents, with the stipulation that it be in memory of the town&#39;s war participants. It is not known why or how Robert Wambolt was chosen as the principal architect; this library is his only known work in Maine.</p><br>
<p>The Abbe Museum is a museum with two locations in Bar Harbor, Maine, on Mount Desert Island. The museum is dedicated to exploring the history and culture of Maines Native people, the Wabanaki. It has one location at 26 Mount Desert Street in the center of Bar Harbor, and a second location at Sieur de Monts in Acadia National Park. The Sieur de Monts building is an architecturally distinctive structure, listed on the National Register of Historic Places as one of the states first purpose-built museum buildings, and as a rare example in the state of Mediterranean architecture.</p><br>
<p>Since 2009, the museum has been led by CEO Cinnamon Catlin-Legutko, who has been an advocate for decolonizing museums.</p><br>
<h2>Collections</h2><br>
<p>The museum collections include a large number of artifacts fashioned during prehistoric and historic times by Native Americans and by Europeans who began arriving in the area in the early 17th century. Stone artifacts include projectile (arrow and spear) points; bone artifaces include harpoons, hooks, combs, and a rare flute that may be as much as 2,000 years old. Also included are large number of baskets, and a powder horn attributed to the Penobscot chief Orono. The core of the collection was made the pioneering radiologist Robert Abbe, who retired to Mount Desert Island after becoming enfeebled by the long-term effects of radiation exposure.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Sieur de Monts building was designed by Edmund M. Gilchrist, and was completed in 1928. Stylistically it has elements of both the Spanish Colonial Revival and the Italian Renaissance, and has a unique octagonal space specifically designed in consultation with Dr. Abbe to house his collections. It is believed to be the only non-domestic example of Mediterranean architecture in the state, and was its first purpose-built museum building.</p><br>
<p>Wynnum Fire Station is a heritage-listed former fire station at 39 Mountjoy Terrace, Wynnum, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Atkinson & Conrad and built from 1922 to 1938. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 May 1999.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A modest, functional civic building, the former Wynnum Fire Station is a prominent landmark on Mountjoy Terrace in Wynnum.</p><br>
<p>Between 1860 and 1868 there were five attempts to form a fire fighting service for Brisbane. Each brigade struggled to survive, unable to attract a viable subscription base and hampered by inadequate equipment and an unreliable water supply. The establishment of an effective fire service did not enjoy a high priority among civic and government leaders.</p><br>
<p>A fifth brigade, the City Volunteer Fire Brigade, was established in 1868 under rules which provided for better financial control and management through the Fire Brigade Board. These arrangements were consolidated by the Fire Brigades Act 1881 under which it was established that the Brigade was to be funded for fire services from contributions by the Queensland State Government, Brisbane Municipal Council, insurance companies and subscriptions. In 1889 the first full-time firemen were employed and a permanent fire brigade was established. A new headquarters, designed by Henry Wallace Atkinson, was completed on the corner of Ann and Edward streets (on a corner of the Normal School site) in 1890. This began a long association between the Fire Brigade and the various architectural firms with whom he was associated.</p><br>
<p>Fire Services in Wynnum In the south-east of Brisbane, Wynnum sits on Moreton Bay. The railway link to Cleveland via Wynnum in 1888 was a major impetus to closer settlement with large areas of land being taken up soon after. The district expanded rapidly over the next twenty years until in 1913 the Town Council of Wynnum was constituted. The area became known as a seaside resort and the Wynnum and Manly foreshore area became increasingly popular with day visitors and holiday-makers. Since that time it has developed as a dormitory suburb of Brisbane, conveniently linked to the city.</p><br>
<p>Wynnum was perceived to be a "healthy" place to live with its sea breezes, protected beaches, vistas to Moreton Bay, fishing and the availability of fresh local produce. The district continued to expand as the number of permanent residents increased; services and infrastructure were introduced; building activity expanded; and civic and community associations were established.</p><br>
<p>The first fire brigade was established in Wynnum in 1921. Three blocks of land were purchased in Mountjoy Terrace, opposite Wolsey Parade, and a temporary building erected to serve as the fire station and residence. The Wynnum District was included in the Metropolitan Fire Brigade Board&#39;s District in 1928 and the brigade continued to operate from this station until the Metropolitan Fire Brigade Board replaced it with a new station under a fire services upgrading program funded by the Queensland Government and instigated by the Minister for Health and Home Affairs, Edward (Ned) Hanlon. The Wynnum Fire Station was opened by Hanlon on 25 May 1938. The new building housed the station facilities on the ground floor and a residence for the superintendent on the first floor. This combination of station and residence was the typical design for fire stations in Brisbane at this time. Similar residential fire stations included Yeronga Fire Station (1934), Coorparoo Fire Station (1935), Nundah Fire Station (1936) and Hamilton Fire Station (1941). A weatherboard-clad, gabled shed was constructed at some time shortly after the new fire station, being visible in a 1943 aerial photograph.</p><br>
<p>The 1938 building continued to operate as a fire station until 2004 when a new facility for the service was built elsewhere and this property was sold into private ownership. Since that time it has served as a residence.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The former Wynnum Fire Station is a two-storey, symmetrical timber-framed building in Mountjoy Terrace opposite the south-western end of Wolsey Parade. The building is clad with fibrous cement sheeting to the first storey, has timber weatherboards to the lower storey and a corrugated, fibro-cement sheeted hip roof. On the first floor a central, open verandah balcony projects over the engine room entrance with "Wynnum Fire Station" painted in red across the sheeting to the lower part of the balcony.</p><br>
<p>The ground floor of the former fire station accommodates the engine room, watch office, locker room and ablutions area, dormitory, kitchen, laundry and duty officer bedroom. The timber pole connecting the residence to the engine room has been removed and the pole cupboard is now used for storage at ground level. The locker room contains intact purpose-built lockers for the firemen&#39;s uniforms and personal effects. The concrete floor to the engine room is marked with red wheel tracks and a concrete footpath crossing connects to the street. The interiors are lined with tongue and groove boarding and the ceilings are sheeted and battened. The laundry now accommodates additional lockers and storage. Windows to the ground level are shaded by horizontal timber hoods on decorative, cantilevered timber brackets.</p><br>
<p>An extension has been inserted between the laundry and the duty officer&#39;s bedroom to accommodate a shower to the bedroom and provide additional storage area. A shower has also been added to the ablutions area of the locker room.</p><br>
<p>The rear external timber stairs connect to the former residence above. The residence has a kitchen, living room, dining room, an open verandah balcony, three bedrooms and a bathroom. The living room, dining room and main bedroom open by French doors onto the verandah balcony. There are glazed fanlights above these French doors and side lights to those off the dining room. The pole cupboard housing the pole that connected the residence and the station below is adjacent to the bathroom. The interiors are clad with tongue and groove boarding and the ceilings sheeted and battened. Original fabric remains including kitchen cupboards, linen cupboard, dining room cupboard and main bedroom wardrobe. The bathroom is substantially intact with the terrazzo floor, pressed metal wall sheeting and the original hot water heater remaining. A carved keystone timber archway separates the dining room from the bathroom/bedroom area.</p><br>
<p>There is a gable-roofed timber shed in the south-west corner of the site. Clad in weatherboards and flat sheets at the gable ends, internally the shed is partitioned into two spaces.</p><br>
<p>The grassed and concreted grounds are well maintained. A concrete driveway along the western boundary arrives at the hose drying area and shed to the side and rear of the station. Recently planted palms (Archontophoenix) stand to the front of the station.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The former Wynnum Fire Station was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 May 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The former Wynnum Fire Station is an important example of the upgrading of fire stations undertaken in Brisbane suburbs by the Queensland Government through the Metropolitan Fire Board during the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>The former Wynnum Fire Station is important in demonstrating the growth of Wynnum during the early twentieth century and into the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The former Wynnum Fire Station is a rare and intact example of the architecture and planning of Brisbane suburban fire stations of the 1930s. The station remains as the only operational fire station from the 1930s. The interiors in both the operational and domestic areas are substantially intact. The place is rare in demonstrating the development of the fire service in Wynnum with both fire station buildings remaining on the one site.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The former Wynnum Fire Station is a rare and intact example of the architecture and planning of Brisbane suburban fire stations of the 1930s. The Station remains as the only operational fire station from the 1930s. The interiors in both the operational and domestic areas are substantially intact.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The former Wynnum Fire Station has aesthetic and architectural significance as a modest, functional civic building. Robust and austere, it is a landmark on Mountjoy Terrace within Wynnum.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The former Wynnum Fire Station is important for its association with the work of the architectural firm Atkinson and Conrad. Atkinson, through the firms he was associated with, sustained a long association with the Fire Services in Brisbane commencing in 1890 with his design for the new headquarters for the Brisbane Fire Brigade. His architectural practices were responsible for many of the fire stations throughout Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>Nazareth House is a heritage-listed benevolent institution at 272 Wynnum North Road, Wynnum, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1924 to 1939. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 2 April 2002.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Nazareth House, situated on Tingal Hill, Wynnum, was designed by Brisbane architectural firm, Hennessy, Hennessy, Keesing & Co and JP Donoghue and built by George Turner. Nazareth House was officially opened by Archbishop James Duhig in 1925 as part of the charitable institution established on the site by the Poor Sisters of Nazareth.</p><br>
<p>A Catholic presence in Wynnum was prompted by the establishment of the area as a popular seaside resort. The opening of the Wynnum South railway station in 1898 encouraged further development, and the demand for a religious presence in the area grew. In 1903, the first Catholic masses were held in the Wynnum Shire Hall.</p><br>
<p>The Congregation of the Poor Sisters of Nazareth was founded by Mother St Basil in London in 1854. The order was established to care for the aged poor at the request of Cardinal Nicholas Wiseman, Archbishop of Westminster. The first foundation of the order to be established in Australia was at Ballarat in 1888. At the request of Archbishop Duhig, a Queensland chapter was founded in 1921. Archbishop Duhig had visited Nazareth House in London and subsequently petitioned the Mother-General to send a community of nuns to Queensland. Duhig then proceeded to search for a suitable site.</p><br>
<p>In 1918, Duhig purchased Mt Margaret, a property of around 60 acres at Tingal Hill, Wynnum, for the purposes of establishing an aged persons and children&#39;s home to be run by the Sisters of Nazareth. The property, which included a large villa, was purchased for £5000 from the trustees of the estate of the late William Kidston, Premier of Queensland from 1906-07. Kidston had entered into an agreement with Duhig prior to his death for the sale of his property for the purposes of establishing a home for the needy.</p><br>
<p>Due to the difficulties of transport after World War I, it was not possible to secure passages for the sisters until 15 January 1921. On this date, six women, Sister Francis Borgia, Sister St David, Sister M Fulgentia, Sister M Maelisa, Sister Patricia Columba and Sister Joseph Comgall, from Hammersmith, London were joined at Melbourne by Sister Francis Clare (Mother Superior) and Sister Mary Margaret from Ballarat. On first arriving in Brisbane on 3 March 1921, the sisters stayed for three weeks at All Hallows Convent with the Sisters of Mercy. On 4 March, they got their first glimpse of their new home - a dwelling of nine small rooms on rising ground overlooking the sea with Wynnum two miles distant on one side and Brisbane twelve miles on the other.</p><br>
<p>On Good Friday, 25 March 1921, the Sisters arrived to commence charity work at Wynnum. On 1 April, the first Mass was celebrated in the house by Archbishop Duhig, who also blessed the vestments and the house. The Reverend Dean Horan of Ipswich was the first resident. The sisters also took in and cared for seven elderly ladies. In 1922 the neighbouring property of Silversprings was purchased by Archbishop Duhig for £3500. The house and other buildings from Mt Margaret were moved to the new property where they were joined to the existing house to provide accommodation for the Sisters and those in need of care. By Christmas of 1922, the new home had 35 residents.</p><br>
<p>Within a couple of years more accommodation was urgently needed. With the help of their benefactors and supported by the Mother House in London, the task of building a new home was undertaken. Work began on the first section in 1924 with the firm Hennessy, Hennessy, Keesing & Co and JP Donoghue, engaged by Archbishop Duhig, designing the new building. The tender of builder George Turner was accepted for £44,200. The foundation stone of what is now the eastern wing of the present building was laid by Archbishop Duhig on 13 April 1924. The building was blessed on 15 August 1925 by Archbishop Duhig and officially opened by then Governor of Queensland, Sir Matthew Nathan, the following day. £3000 was subscribed towards the cost of the new building.</p><br>
<p>In April 1926, the first children arrived from England to be cared for by the Sisters of Nazareth House. Local children were admitted in October the same year. The Sisters&#39; objective was to care for orphaned or abandoned children. According to the Sisters of Nazareth House, children cared for at Wynnum during the succeeding forty years included both indigenous and non-indigenous children. Between 1889-1980 some 4000 children including orphans, wards of the State and migrant children were cared for by the Sisters of Nazareth in 8 homes across Australia and New Zealand.</p><br>
<p>The Catholic Advocate in January 1930 described Nazareth House as a "stately and impressive brick building...terraced lawns leading up to the front entrance and a fine group of statutory in the drive outside...Wide cloistered balconies surround the new building...The entrance hall has richly coloured leadlight windows and in the sitting-room and dining-room on either side are pictures of Nazareth House, Hammersmith, London, where the Sisters had their training...The pretty chapel in the left wing opens into the Sisters" choir room..."</p><br>
<p>The second stage of construction of the main building was commenced in January 1938 with the foundation stone laid by Archbishop Duhig on 20 March. The opening was held on 2 July 1939. Comprising a convent, chapel and laundry, this section was completed in April 1939 at a cost of £30,000. According to a contemporary article in the Catholic Leader, the extensions consisted of "one million bricks."</p><br>
<p>In 1963, a brick building was constructed in the grounds to provide modern amenities for male residents and a new kitchen block. Two thirds of the cost of the extension was contributed by the Commonwealth Government. At the time of its official opening by Archbishop Duhig, Nazareth House was providing accommodation for 85 "senior citizens" and 70 children.</p><br>
<p>In 1982 Nazareth House ceased its function as a care facility for children with the move towards placing children in need with foster families. The need for a nursing home unit had long been required and it was decided that a new Nursing Home should be built on the area at the rear of the main building where the children&#39;s playground had been, and that the original building should be renovated to make single room accommodation, with ensuite facilities, for hostel residents.</p><br>
<p>The new Nursing Home was blessed by the Most Reverend James Cuskelly, Auxiliary Bishop of Brisbane and opened by Senator, The Hon. Don Grimes, Minister for Social Security, on Sunday 17 June 1984. The new complex connected to the old building via covered passageways and provided four 4-bed wards, seven 2-bed wards and five single rooms. Work on renovation of the old building commenced in February 1985 and comprised the construction of 42 single rooms with ensuites.</p><br>
<p>Nazareth House continues to operate as an aged care facility.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Nazareth House is prominently located on an elevation along Wynnum North Road. The complex consists of a number of buildings including the original building (St Marys), the Convent and Chapel and two more recent additions, St Josephs Hostel (1960s) and the nursing home known as Larmeniere (1980s). Nazareth House has sweeping views across the north-east to Moreton Bay.</p><br>
<h3>St Mary's</h3><br>
<p>St Mary&#39;s is an H-shaped two storey brick building with basement and a terracotta tiled roof. Verandahs, some of which have been enclosed along the northern and eastern facades on both the ground and first floors, surround the building. A centrally located projecting entrance is situated along the northern facade of the building. The central section of the entrance rises above the roof line forming a parapet. A recess, in which sits a large rendered statue, is located in the upper section of the facade. The statue and recess are surrounded by rendered high relief moulding. Below the statue are the words "NAZARETH HOUSE". The parapet is surmounted by a rendered Celtic cross and rendered pedestal. Decorative relief work is located along the parapet and on the piers on either side of the central section. The first floor balcony, where it forms part of the projecting entrance, has a large, rounded arch with a moulded keystone. The ground floor verandah, similarly to the rest of the building, has decorative blue brickwork, including blue brick crosses centrally located along the entire facades.</p><br>
<p>On the northern facade of St Mary&#39;s, the western and eastern end of the projecting wings have parapets surmounted by rendered Celtic crosses on a rendered pedestal. This facade as the same decorative blue brickwork and decorative relief work on the underside of the parapet. The western facade, the former rear entrance, is now the main entrance to the building. The gabled parapet has a row of dentils on the underside and a group of five windows, four are narrow and rectangular in shape and the central window is larger with a round arch opening with moulded decorative detail. The parapet is surmounted by a rendered pedestal and Celtic cross. The verandahs on the ground and first floors have been enclosed and the original doorway has been widened and replaced with automatic doors. A number of other paired timber doors are located along the verandahs on both the ground and first floors. The doors are panelled and have glass breezeway and fanlight assemblies. The foundation stone is located near the front entrance along the northern facade of the building.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the ground and first floors of St Marys are similar in plan. The entrance is made up of an elaborate set of paired timber, panelled doors with large fanlight and breezeway assemblies which contain coloured glass and leadlighting. The front entrance of St Marys, along the northern facade opens to an entry foyer with a pressed metal ceiling and timber panelled doorway and architraves. Rooms open on either side of the entrance foyer. A corridor runs east–west through the building. A turning, timber staircase with an ornate timber newel and timber rails is located off the corridor on the southern side of the central wing of the building. Rooms for the residents are located on both floors. Rooms containing offices open off the corridor. Pressed metal ceilings remain in many of the rooms including the dining room located in the south-western wing and the hall in the north-western wing. A staircase at the eastern end of the building has been isolated to form a fire stair.</p><br>
<h3>Convent and Chapel</h3><br>
<p>The convent is a U-shaped two-storey brick building with a basement level. The building has a broken-back roof clad with terracotta tiles. The building has a centrally located projecting entrance with a gabled roof, along the northern elevation. The central section of the entrance rises above the roof line forming a parapet. The parapet is surmounted by a rendered Celtic cross. Decorative relief work is located along the parapet and on the piers on either side of the central section. Paired round arched openings are located in the upper section of the facade. The openings are surrounded by decorative blue brickwork. The convent has verandahs to the ground and first floors and, similarly to the projecting entrance, the orange brickwork is surrounded by decorative blue brickwork. Along the ground level verandah has rounded arches and the first floor verandah squared arches. Double hung sash windows, some of which have been screened, are located along the entire facades of the convent.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the entrance foyer has a pressed metal ceiling and parquetry floor. Large double, timber, panelled doors with coloured glass and leadlighting with breezeway assembly, open to the central corridor. The hallway is rendered with decorative moulded detail along the wall. The Sister&#39;s rooms are simple in plan and decorative detail. The rooms have timber doors and architraves with breezeway assembly, painted walls and austere ceilings. Some are slightly larger than others. Hallways leading to bathroom facilities, along with the bathrooms, have terrazzo floors. The modern kitchen is located on the ground floor.</p><br>
<p>The chapel is built of brick with a gabled roof at the northern end and a clad with terracotta tiles. The entrance to the chapel is located in the southern facade. Also located in this facade is the chapel&#39;s foundation stone. The gabled parapet has decorative relief work the underside and a group of three round arched windows, A smaller, narrow, rectangular window with louvres is located above these. The parapet is surmounted by a rendered Celtic cross. The chapel is fitted with copper gutters and downpipes.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the chapel is rendered with a marble altar at the northern end of the building. A number of stained glass windows, as well as timber pews, are located in the chapel. A window opens in the upper section of the west wall of the chapel, this same window forms part of the convent wall. From this window, Sisters within the convent are able to have a view of the altar.</p><br>
<p>A rendered statue on a concrete pedestal, depicting the Holy Family, the gift of Thomas Mahon and a grotto are located in front of the northern elevation of St Mary&#39;s. The entrance gates are brick with a metal archway. The archway contains the words "NAZARETH HOUSE" spelt out with original metal lettering.</p><br>
<p>The later buildings, St Josephs and Nursing Hostel, are single storey brick buildings and are located to the south of St Marys and the convent and chapel. Covered walkways join St Marys with both buildings. Other buildings which form part of the complex include plant rooms, a laundry and a change room.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Nazareth House was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 2 April 2002 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Nazareth House is significant for its association with the establishment of the Poor Sisters of Nazareth in Queensland and the religious and social practices they implemented. The establishment of Nazareth House reflects particularly the active interest of James Duhig and his confident building program which saw the establishment of many of the Catholic Church&#39;s prominent buildings during his time as Archbishop of Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Prominently located along Wynnum North Road and visible for some distance from Wynnum, Nazareth House is significant for its considerable architectural merit, and landmark value, and is an important example of the works of one Brisbanes premier architectural practitioners and firms, Hennessy & Hennessy, Keesing and Co and JP Donoghue, who undertook many projects for the Catholic Church during Archbishop Duhigs time.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Prominently located along Wynnum North Road and visible for some distance from Wynnum, Nazareth House is significant for its considerable architectural merit, and landmark value, and is an important example of the works of one Brisbanes premier architectural practitioners and firms, Hennessy & Hennessy, Keesing and Co and JP Donoghue, who undertook many projects for the Catholic Church during Archbishop Duhigs time.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>Nazareth House is significant for its association with those, both past and present, who have lived at the house.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Nazareth House is significant for its association with the establishment of the Poor Sisters of Nazareth in Queensland and the religious and social practices they implemented. The establishment of Nazareth House reflects particularly the active interest of James Duhig and his confident building program which saw the establishment of many of the Catholic Church&#39;s prominent buildings during his time as Archbishop of Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>Manly Retaining Wall is a heritage-listed embankment at Falcon Street, Manly, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by engineer Eneas Fraser Gilchrist and built in 1933 by relief workers. It is also known as The Great Wall of Manly. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 5 October 1998.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Manly Retaining Wall is located at the corner of Falcon (formerly known as Spring) and Wellington Streets, forming a cutting in the centre of each road. It was constructed in 1933 and comprises irregularly shaped stones which were quarried at Lytton, bedded in concrete.</p><br>
<p>The first European settlement of the Wynnum-Manly area of Moreton Bay occurred in the 1860s when two sugar mills, Lota and Wyvernleigh were established. The area soon became popular with holiday makers, and holiday homes were constructed along the bay. In 1882 land sales of the Manly Beach Estate (named after the coastal Sydney suburb of Manly) were held, giving the area its present name. The completion of the railway in 1889 provided further impetus for the development of the area as a seaside resort, although the area maintained its connections with the fishing industry. By the late 1920s, access to the area was possible by rail, bus or road, further increasing its popularity as a resort and also as a permanent place of residence for Brisbane businessmen and their families.</p><br>
<p>Street layouts in the area of the retaining wall form a meandering pattern due to the original estate surveys and also the irregular topography. In some places, the slope to the bay was so steep that the road was divided in two to allow access to houses located on either side of the road.</p><br>
<p>Falcon Street is an example of this. It was originally divided by an embankment which was so high and wide that it restricted access for two way traffic. A retaining wall to replace the embankment was much needed; however the cost of construction would have been more than the surrounding properties were worth. The initiative of the Brisbane City Council District Engineer for Wynnum in applying for relief labour made the wall a financial possibility.</p><br>
<p>The Unemployment Relief Scheme was introduced by the Queensland Government in 1932 as a means of providing work projects for the unemployed during the Great Depression of the 1930s. The Brisbane City Council took advantage of this scheme to construct the retaining wall, providing tools and materials whilst the Queensland Government provided the labour. Other structures in the area, including similar retaining walls and the Wynnum Wading Pool Reserve were also constructed under the relief scheme.</p><br>
<p>The wall was an ambitious project. It is approximately 200 metres long and meets foundation pressures ranging from 1.5 tons (48.75 kPa) per square foot to 4 tons per square foot (130 kPa). Because of the clay formation of the soil, the foundations of the wall were critical. A plan for the wall was produced by the City Engineer&#39;s office in February 1933, and is signed by the Designing Engineer and the City Engineer, Eneas Fraser Gilchrist. On site calculations are said to have been made "with the aid of a piece of 4 x 4 placed on end in the clay and loaded with concrete blocks".</p><br>
<p>Due to the labour being supplied by the relief scheme, a variety of workers were employed on the project, including an unknown artists who formed figures within the concrete plaster pointing. These figures include kangaroos, emus, boomerangs and human heads, one of which is apparently a likeness of the District Engineer in charge of works.</p><br>
<p>The wall is a locally well-known feature of the area and is included in the Brisbane City Council&#39;s heritage walk booklet under the local name of "the Great Wall of Manly".</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Manly Retaining Wall is located at the corner of Wellington and Falcon Streets and divides both streets down the centre, forming two levels of access. At the intersection of the two streets the wall is approximately 7 metres high. It extends approximately 100 metres along both streets, tapering towards the ends to follow the incline of each street. Concrete steps are located at the end of the wall on Wellington Street, providing access to the upper level.</p><br>
<p>The wall sits on a concrete base, 3 foot (914mm) high and is constructed of basalt blue metal stone which was quarried at nearby Lytton. The wall has a backing of 9 inches (228mm) of dry stone packing behind the rear face (embedded in the cutting) which steps from 8 foot 3 inches (2.51 metres) at the widest part of the base to 12 inches (304mm) at the top. The front face is straight and is capped with a cement coping, 12 inches (304mm) wide.</p><br>
<p>The individual stones are irregular in form and size and are laid in a random pattern. Each block is bedded in concrete and the joints are heavily pointed with cement plaster. In various places, the plaster has been formed into shapes depicting Australian native animals, including kangaroos, emus, goannas, and also human heads and boomerangs.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Manly Retaining Wall was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 5 October 1998 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Manly Retaining Wall is demonstrative of a government scheme which was implemented to assist the unemployed throughout Queensland. It was constructed in 1933 under the Unemployment Relief Scheme which was implemented in the previous year as a means of generating work projects for the unemployed during the Depression of the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Due to its size, the Manly Retaining Wall is a prominent landmark in the area. The random pattern of the stonework and the substantial concrete pointing which includes animal figures such as a kangaroo, emu and goanna also contributes to the aesthetic significance of the place.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.</p><br>
<p>The Manly Retaining Wall demonstrates technical achievement and is a notable engineering accomplishment incorporating high quality of workmanship.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>Known locally as "The Great Wall of Manly", and included in the Brisbane City Council&#39;s Heritage Trail for Wynnum-Manly, the place has strong associations with the local community.</p><br>
<p>The Michael Gannon residence is a heritage-listed holiday home at 150 Kingsley Terrace, Manly, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 27 October 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The residence, 150 Kingsley Terrace, Manly was constructed for Michael Gannon and his wife Amy.</p><br>
<p>The first European settlement of the Wynnum-Manly area of Moreton Bay occurred in the 1860s when two sugar mills, Lota and Wyvernleigh were established. The area soon became popular with holiday makers, and holiday homes were constructed along the bay. In 1882 land sales of the Manly Beach Estate (named after the coastal Sydney suburb of Manly) were held, giving the area its present name. The completion of the railway in 1889 provided further impetus for the development of the area as a seaside resort especially as Wynnum and Manly were the only bayside stations opened with the Cleveland railway line on 1 November 1889.</p><br>
<p>In February 1888, Michael Brennan Gannon, Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly for Toombul, Government Auctioneer and valuator (owner of Arthur Martin & Co), purchased a large portion of land in the Wynnum-Manly area formerly part of Portion 57. Gannon sold off a considerable acreage of land, but retained ownership of that portion on which the residence was to be constructed.</p><br>
<p>It is likely that the house was constructed as, on 30 April of that year, a Bill of Mortgage was registered from Michael Brennan Gannon to the Royal Bank of Queensland. The release for the mortgage was signed in September 1889. The house became the familys holiday home. The Gannons permanent residence was at "Waratah", Toorak Road, Breakfast Creek. Gannons private residence (1885) as well as a villa at Hawthorne (1887–88) were designed by architects John Hall and Son. While the architect of the residence at Manly is not known, given Gannons prior history with the firm, it is possible that John Hall and Son were the architects for the residence at Manly.</p><br>
<p>Besides his political endeavours, Gannon was actively involved in Brisbane&#39;s social and sporting society. In 1888, Gannon was Vice-President of the Albert Cricket Club, Queensland Governor Anthony Musgrave was President; he was involved with the Queensland Rifle Association; the Brisbane Bicycling Club; the Breakfast Creek Rowing Club; a Director of the Federal Building, Land Investors Society Pty Ltd and Deposit Bank and a Justice of the Peace.</p><br>
<p>During the early 1890s Gannons speculative ventures began to fail. The Land Bank of Queensland was in possession of the land by the early 1890s and sold off smaller allotments from the block. Gannon was eventually declared bankrupt in 1895 with liabilities in excess of £97,000. He died in April 1898, aged 48 years. At the time of his death, his widows place of residence was listed as "Manly".</p><br>
<p>Later owners continued to use the house as a seaside home. Over the years various portions of the remainder of the estate were sold. In 1927 Thomas and Elizabeth Goodman purchased the property and, for the first time, the house was used as a principal place of residence. The Goodmans remained there until the death of Elizabeth in 1953.</p><br>
<p>The property was vacant until 1955 when the public trustee sold it to an investor who had the house converted into three flats. The house remained as flats until June 1999 when the property was purchased by the current owners. The residence has been identified as a character building in the Wynnum-Manly Local Area Plan.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The residence located at 150 Kingsley Terrace is sited on three parcels of land that fall gently from the western street frontage toward the rear eastern boundary of the site. The residence is sited close to the street frontage of the property meaning the backyard is quite expansive. Vegetation to the site is quite minimal with only a few mature plantings contained to the boundaries of the site.</p><br>
<p>The residence itself is a two storey structure of timber construction, elevated well above the ground on a combination of timber and concrete stumps, as well as sections of concrete block wall under the front western verandah. The house is clad with a combination of timber chamferboards to exposed external walls and VJ linings to external walls sheltered by verandahs. A central hip roof covers the core of the house as well as extending over the verandahs to the north, south and west. A separate skillion and hip roof cover the rear verandah and associated rear structure assumed to have once been the kitchen. All roof planes are sheeted with corrugated iron.</p><br>
<p>Enclosed verandahs surround the central core of the house. These enclosures are externally clad with asbestos cement sheeting and include a combination of louvred and awning sash windows. Recent renovation work has revealed that much of the original verandah structure remains intact, simply covered by more recent alterations and additions.</p><br>
<p>Entry to the house is via a central timber stair which leads to the verandah and original front door of the house which is surrounded by patterned coloured glass. Internally a central hall extends from the entry to the rear verandah. This hall is divided centrally by a doorway, creating a formal entry portion and informal rear. Flanking the entry hall is a main bedroom to the north and a formal dining room to the south. These rooms include central bay windows with floor to ceiling double hung windows. In the hallway and the dining room the ceilings are pressed metal reinforcing the formal nature of these entry spaces. Flanking the rear section of the hallway is the billiard room to the south and a store room and bedroom to the north. All rooms, have with the exception of the store room, open onto the verandahs through French doors.</p><br>
<p>The enclosed rear verandah of the house is now used as the main living area. A kitchen is located at the northern end of this verandah and a bathroom at the southern end. The structure adjoining the southern end of the verandah is thought to have once been the kitchen of the house but is now used as a bedroom. Evidence exists within this room and at the ground level to indicate that a fireplace may have once serviced these spaces. More recent additions to the rear of the house include a laundry and deck adjoining the original kitchen and rear verandah.</p><br>
<p>Internally the original pine floors still exist within the core of the house while hardwood flooring lines the verandahs. The walls and ceilings are generally clad with timber tongue and groove boards and the timber joinery to the doors and windows and associated architraves is still intact. Much of the glass within the widows is original as is the door and window hardware, including turned wooden door handles. Other original elements that survive within the house are a claw foot bath and gas lighting pipes within the ceiling cavity.</p><br>
<p>The area under the house is generally enclosed with a combination of timber battens, asbestos cement sheeting and concrete block work. This area serves as a garage and storage area and includes the enclosure to the original earth closet.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The Michael Gannon residence (c1888) was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 27 October 2000 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Constructed, the residence is significant in demonstrating the continued growth of the Wynnum/Manly area in the latter part of the 19th century. It is particularly significant for its association with the growth of Manly as a popular seaside resort following the extension of the railway line to the area in 1889.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>Substantial seaside houses still remaining on large areas of land are now uncommon, contributing to the significance of the place.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>As a substantial, two-storeyed timber building with wide verandahs, incorporating decorative timber balustrading and brackets, set on a large block of land with views towards Moreton Bay, the residence is significant as a good example of a late 19th century seaside house.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Constructed for Michael Brennan Gannon, Member of the Legislative Assembly for Toombul and Government Auctioneer and Valuator, the residence is significant for its association with this prominent Brisbane identity.</p><br>
<p>The Holy Triad Temple is a heritage-listed temple at 32 Higgs Street, Albion, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1885 to 1886. It is also known as Breakfast Creek Joss House and Sarm Sung Goon. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Temple of the Holy Triad was constructed in 1885-1886 for the Cantonese Chinese community of Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>In the 1880s sizeable numbers of Cantonese settled in Brisbane. They were most conspicuous in small businesses (particularly in Fortitude Valley and along Albert Street), and in market gardening (especially on the flats around Breakfast Creek and Eagle Farm). By 1888 Brisbane depended almost entirely on the Chinese for its supply of fresh vegetables.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the temple was an attempt by the leaders of Brisbanes five Cantonese clans to provide their people with a community focus. The elaborate triple roof was imported from China by Quong Nam Tai & Co, Brisbanes most prominent Chinese trading firm, and the building was erected by Chinese artisans.</p><br>
<p>The temple was opened on 21 January 1886, and remained the focus of Chinese community activity in Brisbane for nearly sixty years. This was followed by a period of declining interest and neglect until the formation in 1965 of the Chinese Temple Society.</p><br>
<p>The society undertook work on the temple and it was re-opened in June 1966. It today offers a focus for various Chinese communities.</p><br>
<p>In the second half of the nineteenth century Chinese immigrants erected temples on most of the principal Queensland goldfields and ports. Only three temples survive in Queensland from this period: the Breakfast Creek temple, the small Chun Lo Goon temple at Rockhampton, and the Hou Wang Temple at Atherton. The latter is smaller than the Breakfast Creek temple and is constructed of local materials.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The temple is a rectangular, rendered brick structure with a complex triple roof of Chinese terracotta tiles. A feature of this roof is the elaborate ceramic ornamentation, incorporating Chinese historical and mythological characters, on the ridges and bargeboards.</p><br>
<p>The interior comprises three sections: an entrance, a sky-lit middle section, and the temple proper with its carved altar and figures of the gods of wealth, medicine and knowledge. Internal decoration is elaborate, and includes exposed carved and gilded timber supports, and furnishings such as silks, embroideries, lanterns and lamps.</p><br>
<p>In the 1965-1966 restoration, the middle roof section, which had been removed, was repositioned. Much of the original interior decoration, which had been either salvaged or vandalised, was replaced.</p><br>
<p>The temple survives in a back street sandwiched between the Breakfast Creek Hotel, Albion Park Racecourse and light industrial development, with the former vista across Breakfast Creek lost. A plain concrete block building has been constructed adjacent to the temple, and the grounds have been concreted and enclosed with a brick fence and gateway.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The Holy Triad Temple was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Temple of the Holy Triad is significant as evidence of the development of Chinese settlement in nineteenth century Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The Temple of the Holy Triad is significant as a rare example of a nineteenth century Chinese temple in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The Temple of the Holy Triad is significant as a rare example of a nineteenth century Chinese temple in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>Albion Fire Station is a heritage-listed former fire station at 42 Bridge Street, Wooloowin, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Department of Public Works and built from 1925 to 1927. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 February 2003.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The former Albion Fire Station is a substantial two-storey red brick building standing prominently on Bridge Street (now in Wooloowin but formerly in Albion). It was officially opened on Monday 17 January 1927 when the Home Secretary James Stopford pulled a rope which automatically swung the doors open, rang the alarm and roused the firemen to action, and the two fire engines raced out of the station. The guests were very impressed at the demonstration of the speed with which the station could respond to an emergency.</p><br>
<p>Designed by the Department of Public Works, the building was the major and coordinating fire station for the Brisbane northside area. Its sister station at South Brisbane (corner Main and Vulture Streets, Woolloongabba), opened in September 1927 and also designed by the Department of Public Works, was the major and coordinating fire station for Brisbane southside area. Prior to this, the only other substantial brick fire station buildings were the two buildings constructed as Brisbane Fire Brigade Headquarters – firstly to the corner Ann and Edward Streets (architect Henry Wallace Atkinson, 1890) which was replaced by a new building further north in Ann Street (architect Henry Wallace Atkinson and Charles McLay, 1908). Generally fire stations were small timber buildings, often only sheds or garages. The former Albion Fire Station is the only survivor from this group of substantial brick buildings. The first Brisbane Headquarters was demolished in 1951 and the second in the mid-1980s to make way for Cathedral Square. The South Brisbane Fire Station was decommissioned in 1971 and demolished in the mid-1980s.</p><br>
<p>From 1860 a number of attempts were made to establish a fire brigade for Brisbane but it was not until 1889 that a permanent fire brigade was established. To cope with the fire fighting needs of the expanding city, The Fire Brigades Act Amendment Act of 1902 allowed local authorities to establish independent boards and brigades. Brigades were formed in Hamilton (1917), Windsor (1917), Ithaca (1918), Toowong (1918), Taringa (1919), Wynnum (1921) and Sandgate (1923). These were voluntary bodies with only the superintendent and immediate assistants receiving a salary. The Fire Brigades Act of 1920 rationalised the network of fire brigades in Brisbane city and suburbs, centralising control under the Metropolitan Fire Brigades Board in 1921.</p><br>
<p>The former Albion Fire Station replaced the Windsor Fire Station which was established under The Fire Brigades Act Amendment Act of 1902 in 1917 and located on land that is now an extension of Truro Street, Windsor. Following the amalgamation of fire brigades in 1921, the Metropolitan Fire Brigades Board purchased the Bridge Street site for a new Windsor Fire Station. When constructed it became known as the Albion Fire Station and remained in operation until 1961 when it was replaced by a new Windsor Fire Station to the corner of Fosbery and Truro Streets, Windsor.</p><br>
<p>The costs of the construction of the fire stations at Albion and South Brisbane was unable to be funded by the Queensland Treasury and a loan from the Commonwealth Bank was negotiated. The loan for £35,000 over 25 years was covered by debentures bearing interest at 6% government guaranteed. The Albion Fire Station was the smaller station and cost £9,978.</p><br>
<p>The original drawings for the former Albion Fire Station have not been located, but the annual report for the Department of Public Works (year ended 1926) recorded that the building was to be constructed of brick and concrete and accommodate the brigade facilities on the ground floor. These facilities included garage space for two fire engines with a repair shop and pit at the rear and an access yard at the back. There was a rest room or dormitory for nine persons and a billiard room taking a full-sized table. Other rooms on the ground floor included a mess room, kitchen, pantry, locker room, watch room, battery room, equipment store and district officer&#39;s room with private bathroom and lavatory. A flat concrete roof was to cover the whole building and accommodate laundries.</p><br>
<p>A later drawing (1960) shows two flats (one to the north, one to the south) for brigade officers occupied the upper storey. Each flat had an entrance porch at ground level, internal access to the ground floor station and provided front and side verandahs, kitchen, pantry, bathroom, living room and bedrooms.</p><br>
<p>In 2003, the ground floor accommodated the office of an architectural firm and the upper floor was occupied by the Queensland Family History Society. The fabric of the building has been altered to accommodate these uses but the earlier arrangement of spaces as a fire station can be clearly read and appreciated.</p><br>
<p>In 2014, Neylan Architecture occupies the building.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>A substantial two-storey red and orange face brick building, the former Albion Fire Station stands in a suburban garden setting south of the corner of Bridge and Merehaye Streets, Albion overlooking the Brisbane-Sandgate railway line and directly opposite the road overbridge connecting Hudson Road and Bridge Street.</p><br>
<p>The main elevation faces east onto Bridge Street and is symmetrical about a recessed parapeted central bay that contains two large arched entrances to the ground floor distinguished by decorative surrounds and infilled with glazing and two deep open porches to the upper level. A plain cream stepped cornice runs around the top of the east, north and south elevations. The central parapet contains the words "ALBION FIRE STATION". The flanking projecting bays are defined by rusticated pilasters to the corners and accommodate a bay of casement windows with fanlights to each of the ground and upper levels. The ground floor window surrounds are distinguished by decorative brickwork matching the main entrance surrounds. The sills to the upper windows are painted cream. A low brick wall to the south accommodates an arched gated entrance to the side entrance to the south side of the upper level. The words "Albion Lodge" are lettered above the gate. A timber fence post stands south of the brick wall. The base of a brick wall stands to the north side of the building.</p><br>
<p>A foundation stone recording the dedication of the building is set into the plinth of the south bay of the main elevation. Under the inscription "READY AYE READY" it is recorded that the stone was laid on 1 December 1925 by the Chairman of the Metropolitan Fire Brigade Board and lists members of the board.</p><br>
<p>The asymmetrical south elevation contains three bays of casement windows and a loggia to the ground floor and a verandah enclosed with casement and louvre windows to the upper level. The lintels of the windows are picked out in cream. The pillared loggia is reached by a flight of wide concrete steps from the garden and forms the main entrance to the south side of the upper level. The north elevation has a plain porch entrance approximately half way along the building. The porch has been enclosed with sheeting and louvres. The bays of windows to the north and west at the northwest corner are sheltered by plain timber framed hoods. The rear elevation contains a set of central bifold doors to the ground floor and a flight of timber stairs rises to a timber landing accessing the rear of the upper level.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance to the ground floor opens into a large central space which continues through a narrowed corridor to the rear timber bi-fold doors. Discrete rooms to the sides and rear open off the central space. Two large rectangular rooms occupy the northwest and southwest corners and are lit by banks of casement windows to each side of the room. The south side contains a stairwell and a large meeting room with a small store room. The north side contains a stairwell and two smaller interconnected rooms with a store room and toilet beyond. A tea room and toilet occupy the rear to the north of the narrow corridor space. The interior walls are painted and plastered masonry and the ceilings are rendered with a textured finish. The side rooms are a step above the central space. Doors to each side of the central space open to the stairwells that rise to the upper level. The rear toilet contains an intact early urinal.</p><br>
<p>Stairwells to the north and south arrive at the upper level that is a mirror image of spaces about a central dividing wall running east-west. In each half the rooms work off a central corridor. This main dividing wall is cut through at its east and west ends to provide access between the two halves of the floor. In each half, the outer corner rooms open to the enclosed verandahs that run the length of the north and south sides; a large central room to the east opens onto the open porch and the central room to the west is partitioned into a number of small spaces and opens out to the rear landing. The deep open porches to the centre of the east side offer a prospect over the railway line to the suburb of Albion beyond. Tilting fanlights to the central north-south partition facilitate ventilation through the rooms. Throughout the walls and ceilings are painted and plastered masonry. Each stairwell is lit by a large window and contains a flight of timber stairs with a substantial timber handrail and decorative metal balustrade.</p><br>
<p>The verandah roofs are clad with terracotta tiles and the main hipped roof is clad with corrugated metal sheeting.</p><br>
<p>The building is set in a suburban yard with grassed and treed areas to the south and west. A timber shed with gable roof stands in the centre of the backyard to the west of the building. A freestanding brick chimney stands south of the shed. Narrow concrete paths run along the north and south sides of the building. There are flights of concrete stairs at each end of the north path. A chain wire fence runs along the south boundary and a timber fence runs along the west boundary. The north and east boundaries are not fenced. The adjacent property to the corner of Merehaye and Bridge Streets accommodates a dirt carpark used by the tenants of the building. Shaded by luxurious mature mango trees, the carpark provides a lush garden setting for the building and affords opportunities for views of the former fire station building.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The former Albion Fire Station was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 February 2003 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The former Albion Fire Station, constructed as part of the rationalisation of the network of fire brigades in Brisbane undertaken by the Metropolitan Fire Brigades Board after 1921, is important in demonstrating the development of fire fighting services in Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The former Albion Fire Station, a rare example a substantial early twentieth century fire station, is important in demonstrating the architecture and planning of fire stations at that time, accommodating brigade facilities to the ground floor and residential quarters to the upper level. The former Albion Fire Station is important as the sole survivor of only four substantial brick fire stations constructed during this time.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The former Albion Fire Station, a rare example a substantial early twentieth century fire station, is important in demonstrating the architecture and planning of fire stations at that time, accommodating brigade facilities to the ground floor and residential quarters to the upper level. The former Albion Fire Station is important as the sole survivor of only four substantial brick fire stations constructed during this time.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The former Albion Fire Station, with its associated grounds, has aesthetic and architectural significance as a substantial, robust civic building. A landmark building, thoughtfully designed and distinguished by finely detailed brickwork, it has a dramatic presence on Bridge Street, a busy thoroughfare through the northside of Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The former Albion Fire Station is important for its association with the work of the Department of Public Works and is a fine example of work produced by the Department during the early decades of the twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>Revolution Cotton Mills, also known as Revolution Division and Cone Mills, is a historic cotton mill complex located at Greensboro, Guilford County, North Carolina. The complex was built between 1900 and the mid-20th century and is an example of "slow burning construction." It includes 12 contributing buildings and 2 contributing structures. They include the main mill building, warehouses, weave room and machine shop, bleachery and dye room, storage/shipping/office building, and yellow brick chimney stack. The mill ceased operation in February 1982.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>A Winston-Salem company bought the complex for the purpose of converting it into condominiums and a shopping center. Frank Auman and Jim Peeples converted half the space into offices but after they defaulted on a loan, the property went into foreclosure. In September 2012, Self-Help Ventures bid $8 million, and renovation work began in Spring 2013. The section already upgraded had 45 tenants, and the remaining space could have 90 more. In December 2015, the city council approved an incentive grant of $1 million which required Self Help to invest $85 million by 2018. Plans included offices, artist space and 142 apartments.</p><br>
<p>The Elisha F. Stone House is a historic house at the corner of High and Gothic Streets in South Paris, Maine. Built in 1854, it is one of the finest Gothic Revival houses in Oxford County. The house was designed by Portland-based Henry Rowe, and built for Elisha F. Stone, a local merchant, tailor, and postmaster. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Stone House is set on a rise overlooking both Gothic Street and the busy High Street. It is a 2-1/2 story T-shaped wood frame structure, with a cross gable roof that has one wing of the T slightly longer than the other. The roof is steeply pitched, and all of the gables are decorated with icicle-shaped vergeboard. A porch, recently rebuilt, faithfully reproduces Gothic style woodwork, extending along the street-facing side of the T, to one of the wings. In the east-facing gable, an original first-floor oriel window has been replaced by a picture window, but it has been given a Gothic window surround matching those of other windows. The interior was extensively damaged by fire in the early 1980s, and has retained little original woodwork.</p><br>
<p>The Gothic Revival form is not commonly seen in rural Maine. Henry Rowe, an Irish immigrant based on Portland, was a specialist in the form, and designed a nearly identical house to this one Yarmouth, and another with similar styling in Portland. This house was built for Elisha Stone, who was a local merchant and tailor, and also served for a time as the local postmaster.</p><br>
<p>For other educational establishments with a similar name please see William Penn School</p><br>
<p>William Penn High School, also known as High Point Normal & Industrial Institute, is a historic high school for African-American students located at High Point, Guilford County, North Carolina. The high school building was built in 1910-1911, and enlarged and renovated in 1929-1930. It is a two-story, 12 classroom Colonial Revival style brick building. It has a projecting three-bay entrance pavilion. Two other buildings associated with the High Point Normal & Industrial Institute are on the property. The Institute was established by Quakers in 1891. They were built about 1910 and are a gable end frame structure sheathed in corrugated metal with a distinctive monitor roof and a brick building with a low pitched roof. The school closed in 1968.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Notable alumni</h2><br>
<p>John Coltrane, American jazz saxophonist and composer</p><br>
<p>Gwendolyn Ann Magee, African American fiber artist</p><br>
<p>Theosophical Society Building is a heritage-listed duplex at 355 Wickham Terrace, Spring Hill, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1863 to 1864. It is also known as Callender House. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This pair of semi-detached houses was built in late 1863 to early 1864. The building was probably erected by the first landowner Patrick Mayne (1856), or possibly for the second owner John McNab. The houses were advertised for rent on 30 January 1864, two days after registration in McNab&#39;s name, when they were described as "newly erected... containing five rooms and kitchen".</p><br>
<p>Subsequent owners included Joseph Buckle (1885-1910), a Primitive Methodist minister, who resided there for a period. From at least 1883 the building was known as Callender House.</p><br>
<p>The property was purchased in 1910 by Dr Espie Dods, who moved there from 97 Wickham Terrace. His architect brother Robin Dods renovated and extended the property for its use as a private house and consulting rooms. This reflected the medico-residential character of Wickham Terrace at the time.</p><br>
<p>In 1925 the property, which included adjacent land now occupied by the Liberal Catholic Church, was purchased by the Brisbane Theosophical Society. Minor alterations were carried out in 1925 by architects Hall & Prentice. Major conservation work was undertaken in 1986-87.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The building comprises a pair of 1860s two-storeyed semi-detached brick houses with a 1912 timber extension to the side and rear.</p><br>
<p>The original houses are small in scale without halls or corridors, and include attic and basement. Construction is of brick, with brick-on-edge construction on walls protected by verandahs. The main roof is gabled and clad in corrugated galvanised iron, concealing earlier shingles. The main facade has a two-storeyed timber verandah, reconstructed in 1986-87 to a 1910 photograph.</p><br>
<p>The timber extension designed by Dods added new large rooms on two levels at the rear, and a single-storeyed kitchen wing. A new porch and hall gave entrance to both consulting rooms and house. The extension is clad with weatherboards, lined with timber and roofed with corrugated galvanised iron. There is no visible evidence of earlier kitchen wings. The fence in front of the extension is by Dods. Dods&#39; enclosure of the front verandahs does not survive.</p><br>
<p>In its present form the building clearly reveals the two major stages in its development.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Theosophical Society Building was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The building is evidence of the former residential and medico-residential character of Wickham Terrace.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The former Callender House is one of the few remaining 1860s buildings in Brisbane and is a rare example of semi-detached housing which was relatively common in the 1860s.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>As an important example of the work of the architect Robin Dods, which demonstrates his skill in adapting an older building, the former Callender House is significant.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>As an important example of the work of the architect RS Dods, which demonstrates his skill in adapting an older building, the former Callender House is significant.</p><br>
<p>Drew Residence is a heritage-listed detached house at 20 Wharf Street, Shorncliffe, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Samuel Drew and built from 1890s to 1940s by Samuel Drew. It is also known as Samuel Drew&#39;s House. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 24 November 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This substantial timber residence with sub-floor, attic and tower, is understood to have been constructed in the 1890s, possibly in three stages, by American carpenters and boat-builders Samuel Drew and his sons Albert Edward and Frederick William, as their family home. As builders, the Drews erected many houses in the Sandgate/Shorncliffe district in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, during the peak of Sandgate/Shorncliffe&#39;s popularity as a seaside resort. They established a boat-building enterprise (constructing mostly pleasure craft) on Cabbage Tree Creek behind 20 Wharf Street, and were well known in local sailing circles.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1850s, Brisbane commercial interests headed by Thomas Dowse and Brisbane Valley squatters John and David McConnel, promoted the establishment of a shipping centre at the head of Cabbage Tree Creek. They were in competition with rival claims for Brisbane and Cleveland as the principal port for Moreton Bay. The Village of Sandgate was officially surveyed in 1852, with the first sale of Sandgate town lots held at Brisbane in November 1853. Most of the land sold was purchased by the speculative investors behind the move to create a port at Sandgate. However, with Brisbane subsequently consolidating its position as the port for Moreton Bay, Sandgate languished. Landowner inaction, poor communication and strong Aboriginal resistance further retarded its development.</p><br>
<p>Native police were stationed at Sandgate from late 1852 until 1862 to "disperse" the Bribie Island and Ningy-Ningy people, and facilitate non-indigenous occupation of the land in the Cabbage Tree Creek and Pine Rivers districts. With the removal of hostile indigenes, Sandgate/Shorncliffe developed slowly from the 1860s as a seaside excursion venue. By 1868, Cobb and Co was operating a twice-weekly service to Sandgate, and by the mid-1870s, three coach companies were offering services to the bayside resort. In the 1860s six hotels were established at Sandgate, although only two, the Sandgate and the Osborne, survived the decade. Also from the 1860s, a number of summer seaside residences and boarding or guest houses were erected, mostly along Eagle Terrace and at Shorncliffe. In the 1870s the permanent population increased, agitation for a rail link with Brisbane emerged, and municipal status was granted to the Borough of Sandgate in April 1880. With the opening of the extension of the railway from Brisbane to Sandgate in 1882 the permanent population grew rapidly, settlement spread along the flats, and weekend holiday-makers turned the township into a bustling seaside resort. The popularity of Sandgate/Shorncliffe as a seaside resort attracted day-trippers, seasonal holiday-makers and the Moreton Bay sailing fraternity, well into the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Samuel Drew, his wife Jane Harris and family emigrated to Australia from the United States of America in the mid-1880s, and by 1887 were resident in Sandgate. They had arrived during a colonial-wide economic boom and the local flurry of development which followed the opening of the railway line to Sandgate. Drew, who was a carpenter and boat-builder by trade, gained employment as foreman/carpenter at William Street&#39;s joinery works in Creek Street (now Palm Avenue), Sandgate, and in 1888 erected a house there, at the corner of Creek and Wharf Streets.</p><br>
<p>William Street, reputedly formerly employed by Samuel Drew in America, was by this time a prominent Sandgate builder and contractor, who erected the Sandgate Post Office in 1886-87 and the Sandgate Baptist Church in 1887, as well as many houses in the Sandgate/Shorncliffe area. Early in 1886, he had purchased over an acre of land at the southern end of Creek Street (present Palm Avenue) on the western side of the street, adjoining Cabbage Tree Creek, where his joinery works were established. Street was a Justice of the Peace, a trustee of the local cemetery, and along with Edward Barton Southerden (first Mayor of Sandgate), was joint treasurer of the Sandgate School of Arts. By 1890 William Street was in partnership with William Krimmer as proprietors of the local skating rink in Sunday Street, Shorncliffe, erected 1888-89, and Samuel Drew was manager of the rink.</p><br>
<p>During the widespread economic depression of the early 1890s, William Street was forced to liquidate his business affairs, his Creek Street property passing to his mortgagor, the Queensland National Bank, in 1893. The Drew familys 1888 house was located on this property, which in 1904 Albert Edward Drew, Samuel Drews son, purchased from the bank. From 1889 the land west of Streets Joinery Works, along Wharf Street, was made available as residential allotments. Samuel Drew acquired title to 1 rood 22.4 perches (resubdivisions 96-98 of subdivision A of allotment 3 of section 15, Village of Sandgate) of unimproved land backing onto Cabbage Tree Creek and fronting Wharf Street, in May–June 1890. The eastern boundary of this land abutted William Streets Creek Street property. According to Samuel Drews descendants, over the next decade the Drews built their family home here in several stages: firstly the main bedrooms and sewing room, then the central section (including the tower). A stables, complete with bell tower, and a large boatshed which housed the familys boat building business, were erected prior to the construction of the third stage of the house.</p><br>
<p>It is not clear whether Samuel Drew actually lived in the Wharf Street house, as through the 1890s and early 1900s he was listed in the Queensland Post Office Directories at Creek Street, Sandgate. His Wharf Street property was transferred to four of his children in 1895: Mary Ellen, Elizabeth Jane, Albert Edward and Frederick William, then in 1905 (perhaps following Albert&#39;s purchase of the Creek Street property in 1904) back to Samuel, who on the same date nominated Mary Ellen and Elizabeth Jane Drew as trustees. When Samuel Drew died in April 1907, the funeral party left from his late residence, Creek-street, Sandgate. However, by 1911 his widow, Jane, was resident in the Wharf Street house, and his unmarried daughters remained there until their deaths in the mid-20th century.</p><br>
<p>The family understands that the sisters conducted a sewing and sail-making business from 20 Wharf Street for many years. An intriguing reference in the Queensland Post Office Directory of 1910-11 lists "Drews Sanatorium Home for Infants" at Sandgate – whether the Drew daughters ever used their home for this purpose has not been established. In 1918-19 Samuel John Drew (Samuel Drew&#39;s youngest son) built a house for himself at 19 Wharf Street. He and his brother Albert Edward, who continued to live in the 1888 house at the corner of Wharf Street and Palm Avenue (formerly Creek Street), maintained the family boat-building business from the boatshed at the rear of 20 Wharf Street until the 1930s depression, when Samuel leased his house and moved to Toowoomba. Albert and fellow boat builder and relative, Theo Woodhead, constructed the last boat in 1948, the year in which Albert died. Albert Drew, known locally as "Skipper" Drew, was a foundation member of the Sandgate Yacht Club, established in 1912, and was well known in local sailing circles. He won many sailing titles on Moreton Bay, in craft he had built himself.</p><br>
<p>In 1947, prior to Elizabeth&#39;s death in 1950, Samuel John Drew and his son Oliver, also a builder, repaired and repainted 20 Wharf Street in white and several different shades of grey, believed to be the original colours. At this time they removed an early hedge and fence, replacing them with a smaller wrought iron fence. As the original timber gates were in poor condition, replicas were constructed in their place. In 1952, 20 Wharf Street suffered slight damage by a cyclone, and decorative fretwork across the ridge of the tower was blown away.</p><br>
<p>Following Elizabeth Drews death in 1957, the residence was transferred to Samuel John Drew and William Roy Drew (son of Frederick William Drew and Samuel Drews grandson). As both had homes elsewhere, it was decided to convert the house into two flats to provide an income sufficient to pay the rates on what was effectively three blocks of land. In 1966 the flats were reconverted to a single house and offered for sale, passing out of the Drew family in 1967. The large boatshed on Cabbage Tree Creek and the stables were demolished subsequently. In 1987-88 the house was raised slightly and the undercroft, which previously housed a bathroom, laundry, and two water tanks, was converted into a lounge/dining room area. The place remains a private residence.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The former Drew Residence at 20 Wharf Street, Shorncliffe, is a substantial, high-set, single-storeyed timber residence with enclosed brick undercroft, attic and viewing tower. It is located at the southern end of Shorncliffe, on a property of over 60 perches which slopes to Cabbage Tree Creek, providing boat access.</p><br>
<p>The core of the house is rectangular in form, with gabled transverse wings at each end. There is a substantial brick chimney rising above the main roof, and the roofs of the side wings have galvanised iron ridge ventilators. Its most distinctive characteristic is a centrally-positioned Mansard tower over dormer rooms in the main roof, providing a central focus to the front elevation and a viewing room with vistas over Cabbage Tree Creek to Moreton Bay. Across the front of the main body of the building is a deep verandah.</p><br>
<p>The Wharf Street elevation is particularly decorative, with paired, chamfered verandah posts with timber capitals and brackets; a decorative timber balustrade across the front verandah; decorative timber bargeboards and gable infills; an attic room with large dormer window over the front entrance and vestibule; and the elaborate timber viewing tower above this, complete with decorative bargeboards, spandrels beneath the guttering and acroteria.</p><br>
<p>The rear elevation also has a central, decorative focus, where a dormer window and a room beneath this project from the core of the house, overlooking Cabbage Tree Creek. There are some later additions at the rear, and the undercroft has been enclosed with brick, which is screened from the front street by timber battens.</p><br>
<p>Most of the windows are tripartite sashes, and have window hoods. Those facing the street incorporate a small gable in the window hood.</p><br>
<p>The interior also has ornate decorative elements and fine joinery. These include a narrow staircase in the vestibule with turned timber balustrades and an ornate, carved newel post. The interior is lined throughout with wide tongue and groove boards. To dado height throughout most of the house the boards are diagonally placed, contrasting with the vertical boarding above. Architraves around all windows and doors have a carved quatrefoil detail to the corners, and doors throughout are timber panelled. The interior is painted throughout.</p><br>
<p>In plan, the building is largely symmetrical. The centrally-positioned front door with sidelights and fanlights opens into a wide vestibule, off which a large room opens either side. That on the western side is the lounge room, which has an early timber fireplace surround incorporating an over mantle and a cabinet. The eastern room was formerly a dining room, and has ornate, hand-crafted timber architraves.</p><br>
<p>Each of the side wings contains two rooms. Those in the western wing are separated by pairs of folding, panelled timber doors. Those in the eastern wing function as bedrooms and do not have connecting access. The side rooms which face Wharf Street are accessed both from the front verandah and from the large rooms which open off the vestibule. The two rooms which face the creek are accessed from rooms at the rear of the house.</p><br>
<p>Beyond the vestibule a door opens into a room at the rear of the house which overlooks Cabbage Tree Creek, and from which two small rooms open, one either side, entered via arches, one of which is an early arch. These are the rooms which give access to the rear rooms in the side wings. The back room on the western side also has access to an external set of stairs, but the stair to the room on the eastern side has been removed. Later bathroom extensions at the rear are accessed from these rooms also.</p><br>
<p>A narrow stair in the vestibule leads to two small attic bedrooms with arched doorways. From the front attic room another narrow stair leads to the tower viewing room.</p><br>
<p>The enclosed undercroft, which is accessed via a recent stair in the room behind the vestibule, contains an living space, dining area and kitchen. The chimney at this level has a double fireplace, which is of recent construction, but utilising the base of the original chimney. A recent galvanised iron awning extends from the rear of the undercroft.</p><br>
<p>The grounds have been altered, and the only evidence of the boatshed are two slipways, now covered by rapid mangrove re-growth. A recent timber jetty extends from the rear of the property into Cabbage Tree Creek, and later sheds replace the stables along the northwestern boundary of the property. A tennis court has been constructed in the southeast corner of the block along the creek frontage, and gardens have been built up in front of the house. Paved paths have been added and the driveway cemented. The front fence along Wharf Street has three ornate timber gates, one situated in front of the stairs leading to the front entrance, and the other two on the eastern side of the property which give vehicle access. These are 1947 replicas of the original timber gates.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The former Drew Residence was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 24 November 2000 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Constructed in the 1890s by American carpenters and boat-builders Samuel Drew and his sons as their family home, the place is important in illustrating the expansion of Sandgate as a town and seaside resort in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The place is closely associated with the Drew family and their contribution to local pleasure-craft construction in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, further illustrating the nature of Sandgate as a bayside community.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The former Drew Residence is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a substantial, late 19th century artisan&#39;s residence designed to impress, and of large timber sea-side homes in the Sandgate/Shorncliffe area in general, including in the design a tower room with views over Cabbage Tree Creek to Moreton Bay.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The place exhibits a range of aesthetic characteristics, including the setting of the house adjacent to Cabbage Tree Creek; the scale, form, and materials employed; the decorative external timberwork; and the quality of the interior detailing, particularly the well-crafted joinery. The place makes a significant contribution to the streetscape, and is a local landmark.</p><br>
<p>Sandgate Post Office is a heritage-listed former post office at 1 Bowser Parade, Sandgate, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed in the office of the Queensland Colonial Architect and built from 1886 to 1887. It is also known as Sandgate Post and Telegraph Office. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 February 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The two-storeyed Sandgate Post and Telegraph Office was erected in 1886-7 to a design prepared in the office of the Queensland Colonial Architect.</p><br>
<p>A post office had operated at Sandgate since 1864, on Eagle Terrace near Palm Avenue. In the early 1880s a new site in Bowser Parade, closer to the railway line that had reached Sandgate in 1882, was purchased for £800.</p><br>
<p>In June 1885 the Post and Telegraph Department requested that the Department of Public Works prepare plans for a new post and telegraph office building for Sandgate, to cost no more than £2,000. It is likely that the design was produced under the supervision of John James Clark, Colonial Architect from 1883 to 1885. Tenders were called in March and April 1886, but the design proved too expensive.</p><br>
<p>Fresh plans were prepared under the supervision of Clarks successor, George St Paul Connolly, Queenslands first locally born and trained Colonial Architect (1886–1891). These plans were further amended to reduce costs and tenders were called in June–July 1886. A contract was let to local Sandgate builder William Street, with a price of £2,025. It is thought that the bricks for the construction were supplied from Leopold Fiedler&#39;s brickworks in Roghan Road, Zillmere, beside Cabbage Tree Creek.</p><br>
<p>The new post and telegraph building, uncommonly substantial for what later became a suburban office, reflected government confidence in the booming economy and the importance of Sandgate both as a popular seaside resort and, increasingly, as a residential commuter district. Sandgate had its own local government (Borough of Sandgate) at that period and was not officially a "suburb" of Brisbane until the establishment of Greater Brisbane on 1 October 1925, but the railway enabled residents of Sandgate to commute daily to work in Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The building opened as a post and telegraph office on 7 May 1887, with residential accommodation for the postmaster on the first floor, a dining room, post and telegraph offices and public area on the ground floor and a detached service wing housing kitchen, servant&#39;s quarters and wash house. The exterior brickwork was colour-washed originally, but has been painted since 1894.</p><br>
<p>The layout was innovative, the central public area with an entrance porch either side becoming a principal feature of late 19th and early 20th century Queensland post offices. Along with post and telegraph offices constructed at the important commercial centres of Fortitude Valley (1887) and South Brisbane (1889-1890) it was one of only three substantial, two-storeyed brick post offices constructed in metropolitan Brisbane in the late 19th century. The Woolloongabba Post Office, also a substantial two-storeyed brick building, was erected in 1905. It was designed by the Queensland Government Architect&#39;s office for the Australian Government, which had assumed responsibility for post and telegraph communication following the federation of the Australian colonies on 1 January 1901.</p><br>
<p>A telephone service was established in the Sandgate Post and Telegraph Office in 1898 and a telephone exchange was installed in 1907. The exchange was removed to a new building.</p><br>
<p>After the second world war the first floor verandahs were enclosed with fibrous cement sheeting and casement windows and from 1981 the upper floor was used for office purposes.</p><br>
<p>The exterior was restored in 1983-1984 and the interior was refurbished in time for centenary celebrations of the 1887 opening.</p><br>
<p>The building continued to function as a post office until, when it was sold to private enterprise. Its renovated exterior continues to make a substantial contribution to the townscape of central Sandgate.</p><br>
<p>The building was operated as the 4017 Bar and Grill for a number of years, taking its name "4017" from the postcode for Sandgate. However, by 2014, it was under new management and renamed the Chandelier Bar & Restaurant.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The former Sandgate Post and Telegraph Office is a rectangular, two-storeyed painted brick building with Italian Renaissance stylistic elements. It rests on concrete foundations and has a hipped roof of corrugated iron with acroteria and gablets at either end.</p><br>
<p>Dominating the front elevation is a projecting gabled portico, with the words Sandgate Post Office in low-relief beneath the first floor windows. Originally this read "VR 1887", VR being the abbreviation of Victoria Regina as the building was constructed during the reign of Queen Victoria.</p><br>
<p>Front verandahs to either side of the portico are ornamented with chamfered timber posts, a timber frieze on the lower level and fretwork brackets and cast-iron balustrading on the upper floor. These details were recreated in the 1983-1984 restoration to as close to the original as possible. A double rear verandah with formerly the same detailing, remains enclosed.</p><br>
<p>The interior has been modified and refurbished.</p><br>
<p>The detached timber service wing to the rear remains, but has been altered substantially.</p><br>
<p>Also at the rear are two later, single-storeyed brick additions. One is an attached extension constructed to house the telephone exchange. The other is a more recent, detached, rectangular building which served as a postal depot. It appears to have been erected in the 1980s following re-subdivision of the site in 1978 and replaces a longer timber building extant by 1953.</p><br>
<p>Both additions employ rooflines and exterior finishes similar to those of the 1886-1887 building.</p><br>
<p>The former Sandgate Post and Telegraph Office stands isolated on the corner of Bowser Parade and Rainbow Street and dominates the vista west along Eagle Terrace and Seymour Street. It forms part of an historical grouping that includes the adjacent Sandgate war memorial and the nearby former Sandgate Town Hall.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Sandgate Post Office was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 February 2005 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The former Sandgate Post Office, erected in 1886-1887 as a post and telegraph office, is important in demonstrating the pattern and evolution of Queensland&#39;s history. The building survives as an expression of government "boom" era confidence; of the popularity of Sandgate as both a seaside resort and as a commuter residential district from the 1880s; and of the important role of the post and telegraph services in the Queensland community and economy at this period.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The building is a substantial former post and telegraph office of a type more usually found in regional centres. It remains substantially intact and is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of its class of cultural places: two-storeyed late 19th century brick post and telegraph offices. These characteristics include: the form (two-storeyed), materials (brick), planning (upstairs residence for the postmaster and downstairs offices including a large central public space with two entrances) and design (classical motifs and detailing).</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The place is significant for its landmark quality, intactness and contribution to the Sandgate townscape. Located in the centre of the Sandgate commercial precinct, the place contributes to an historical grouping that includes the adjacent war memorial and the nearby former Sandgate Town Hall.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.</p><br>
<p>The place is important for having established a precedent for subsequent late 19th century and early 20th century Queensland post and telegraph office layouts, demonstrating creative achievement.</p><br>
<p>The Knik Site, also known as the Old Knik Townsite, is the location in Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska that was once home to the largest settlement on Cook Inlet. The only surviving remnants of the community are a former log roadhouse, now a museum operated by the Wasilla-Knik Historical Society, and a log cabin. The Knik area had long been a meeting point of Native Alaskans, and in 1898 it became the principal community on Cook Inlet from which goods were shipped into the interior. In 1916 the Alaska Railroad reached the site of present-day Anchorage, bypassing Knik and leading to Anchorage&#39;s growth. When the railroad reached Wasilla, Knik lost all importance as a transshipment point, and its buildings were either abandoned or moved to one of the other communities. Knik is located about 13 mi southwest of Wasilla.</p><br>
<p>The two surviving buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Strathglass Building is a historic commercial building at 25 Hartford Street in the central business district of Rumford, Maine. Built c.1906, it is an imposing four-story architect-designed Beaux-Arts building, constructed by Hugh J. Chisholm, Rumford&#39;s leading industrialist in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Later known as the Hotel Harris, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed by the architectural firm of Stone, Carpenter & Willson, based in Providence, Rhode Island, and was completed by 1906. It was built for Hugh J. Chisholm, the industrialist responsible for Rumfords development in the late 19th century as a major paper processing center. Chisholm named the building after the river in Scotland which flows near his familys traditional seat. Chisholm also gave the Strathglass name to the Strathglass Park District, an area of high-quality mill worker housing in Rumford.</p><br>
<p>The Strathglass Building stands on a slightly non-rectangular lot bounded on three sides by Congress, Lowell, and Hartford Streets. It is a four-story brick structure, with the bays of the first three floors separated by engaged limestone fluted columns. The main entrance is set under a two-story arch supported by square stone piers, and topped by a triangular pediment at the top of the third floor. When originally built, the building only had three stories, and had a concrete balustrade with urns. this was removed in 1931, when the building was rebuilt after a devastating fire. The interior was gutted, and all that survived intact was the heavy masonry structure. The rebuilding (as the Hotel Harris) was supervised by Lewiston architects Coombs & Harriman. These additions, including the new fourth floor and flamboyant lobby, were Italian Renaissance Revival in style, though later alterations have removed most external detail. The lobby remains.</p><br>
<p>The Bigelow-Page House is a historic house at 20 High Street in Skowhegan, Maine, United States. Built in 1846-47 and substantially altered with in the early 20th century, this expansive two-story wood-frame structure is a bold statement of Greek Revival architecture, and is an early work by a notable local master builder of the period, Joseph Bigelow. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The main block of the Bigelow-Page House is a roughly square two-story wood frame structure, with a hip roof and two interior brick chimneys. A series of ells extend to the rear, connecting the main house to a gable-roofed barn with cupola. The main block has a single-story hip-roof porch wrapping around two sides, supported by paneled square posts. The corners of the main block are decorated by pilasters, and a broad entablature encircles the house below the roof line. The first ell is a fairly large two-story structure with Italianate features. The interior of house is stylistically diverse, reflecting the architectural trends also visible in the exterior. Original Greek Revival features are joined by an Italianate arched fireplace mantel, and a Colonial Revival bay window.</p><br>
<p>This house was built in 1846-47 by Joseph Bigelow for his own family. Bigelow (1804–83) had by then already acquired a reputation in the area for is high quality craftsmanship, having built a church in Bloomfield and the Symphony House in Bangor. He is also credited with building one of Skowhegan&#39;s other fine Greek Revival houses, the Gov. Abner Coburn House. Bigelow exchanged houses with lumberman Samuel Robinson in 1853, and the house was acquired in 1893 by Edward Page, whose family is responsible for the later Colonial Revival alterations.</p><br>
<p>The Jackson–Herget House is a historic house at 206 South 4th Street in Paragould, Arkansas. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, clad in aluminum siding. It has aasymmetrical massing typical of the Queen Anne period, with a variety of gables, projecting sections, porches, and a three-story tower topped with a steeply-pitched hip roof and wrought iron railing. It is one of the finest Queen Anne houses in Greene County, despite the aluminum siding, which was added in such a way to match the earlier clapboarding and without destroying some of the trim. The house is further notable as the home of Richard Jackson, one of Paragould&#39;s leading businessmen and civic boosters.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The Linwood Mausoleum is a massive limestone structure in Linwood Cemetery, Paragould, Arkansas. Occupying the highest ground in the cemetery, it is a rectangular single-story Classical Revival limestone structure, with stained-glass windows. Its interior walls are finished with gray-veined white marble. The entry is sheltered by a portico with Doric columns. The mausoleum houses 170 crypts. Built in 1920 by a group of private citizens, it was later conveyed to the city, and is  Arkansas&#39; only known city-owned mausoleum. It is also architecturally distinctive in the region for its heavy limestone construction and Classical Revival features.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Birkenberg, at, is the highest point in the Ohm Hills. It is located in the county Eichsfeld, northern Thuringia, Germany.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The unforested Birkenberg rises in the centre of the Ohm Hills just under 1 km north of Kaltohmfeld, a north-northeastern village in the municipality of Leinefelde-Worbis. An ascent of the hill can be made via a cul-de-sac that runs from Kaltohmfeld towards the summit. Only the last part of the route has to be undertaken on foot.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In East German times, there was a Soviet Army base on the hill which has now fallen into ruins.</p><br>
<h2>Views</h2><br>
<p>From the top of the almost treeless Birkenberg there are good views when the visibility is favourable: to the north may be seen the Harz Mountains and the Brocken. To the east towards Nordhausen the Kyffhäuser hills rise out of the plain. To the south may be seen the Dün and the Thuringian Forest with the Großer Inselsberg. To the west are Die Gleichen, the Dransfeld Municipal Forest and e.g. the Kaufungen Forest on the eastern edge of Kassel in the state of Hesse as well as the summit of the Hoher Meißner.</p><br>
<p>Sandgate War Memorial Park is a heritage-listed memorial at 8 Seymour Street, Sandgate, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by George Gray Prentice and built from 1923 to 1924 by Lowther & Sons. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 3 October 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Sandgate War Memorial Park is a triangular portion of land situated close to the Sandgate Town Hall. The war memorial located in the middle of the park was unveiled on 24 February 1924 to memorialize the men from Sandgate who had died while serving their country during World War I (1914 - 1918).</p><br>
<p>European settlement in the Sandgate district began in the 1850s. By the 1860s, the area was frequented by visitors from Brisbane for recreational purposes and after the opening of the rail to Sandgate in 1882 the area rapidly developed as a seaside resort. The Sandgate Post Office was erected near the Sandgate railway station in 1887, the Town of Sandgate was proclaimed in 1902 and a town hall erected in 1912. By the mid-twentieth century, increased use of cars meant that more distant seaside places became more accessible and the popularity of Sandgate as a seaside resort declined.</p><br>
<p>According to Brigadier James Cannan, in a speech given at the unveiling of the Sandgate monument, 330 soldiers from the township had enlisted for World War I. Of these, 51 were killed. The impact of the war Australia-wide was devastating with over 300, 000 volunteers from a national population of four million serving overseas and one fifth, approximately 60,000 dying. Virtually every community in every state was affected by the war in Europe and Asia Minor.</p><br>
<p>After the war, memorials honouring those who served were erected in nearly every city, town and community in Australia. The erection of memorials peaked during the period 1919 to 1925. Typically, a committee of patriotic citizens was formed which raised money by public subscription and public entertainments. Land on which to erect the memorial was usually provided by the local authority. Expenditure was often considerable for the size of communities and war memorials became a matter of local pride, an indication of a district&#39;s patriotism and wealth.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the Sandgate memorial was organized by a committee chaired by the Mayor of Sandgate (Alderman William Henry Bowser). The design was by prominent Queensland architect, George Gray Prentice, who was practicing at the time in partnership with Thomas Ramsay Hall as Hall & Prentice. The Brisbane newspapers reported that the memorial, composed of about 100 tons of granite and concrete, cost around £850. The granite blocks that made up most of the structure were donated by Alderman Bowser from his quarry at Samford and the top sills and the borders of the trachyte panels were of polished Victorian granite. At the unveiling, the Mayor noted that granite was used to "resist the seaside atmosphere". The front panel of the monument listed the names of the 51 Sandgate soldiers who had lost their lives during the war and the rear panel contained a verse composed by William Henry Lister, a member of the committee. The foundation stone was laid by the Queensland Governor, Sir Matthew Nathan, on 14 July 1923 and the completed memorial was unveiled by the Governor on 24 February 1924.</p><br>
<p>The monument was built by Messrs. Lowther and Sons. This was an early Brisbane masonry firm, established in the 1880s by John Lowther. The Lowthers became one of the largest suppliers of stone and marble in the southern hemisphere by the time of WWI. Charles Lowther served with the Australian Light Horse in Palestine during the war. After his return in 1919, he executed war memorials for the family firm. Notable memorials built by the firm include the Digger at Blackbutt (1920) and the obelisk at Goodna.</p><br>
<p>The extant concrete posts and chain surrounding the monument were erected in 1931 to replace a pre-existing wooden fence. Subsequently to the unveiling of the monument in 1924, the names of Sandgate residents killed in WWII, Malaya, Korea and Vietnam were added to the monument.</p><br>
<p>The park that forms the setting for the monument contains a large small-leafed fig that reputedly was a popular meeting place. The grandsons of Hezekiah Shepherd, said to have been an inspector and overseer of works with the then Sandgate Municipal Council, claim that he planted the tree in the early 1880s and built a seat (no longer extant) under it. The rotunda in the park was built during the "Australia Remembers" commemorations in 1995.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Sandgate War Memorial Park is a small island of parkland bounded by Seymour Street, Bowser Parade and Brighton Road. The memorial and surrounding gardens constitute an integrated and contained landscape within the island and provide a verdant forecourt to the former Sandgate Post Office and the former Sandgate Town Hall.</p><br>
<p>The monument, a cenotaph form reminiscent of the Lutyens Cenotaph (Whitehall, London), is the central focus of the park. Constructed from coursed pale grey quarry-faced granite, the monument is approximately 2.6m x 1.4m in plan, rising to a height of about 5m from a concrete plinth measuring about 4.6m x 3.7m. A band of dressed and polished granite forms a collar to the stepped crown of the cenotaph. A low protective painted metal rail is erected to the perimeter of the plinth. Within this protective fence stand decorative bollards linked by metal chains. Plaques to the long sides of the monument list those from the Sandgate district who fell in WWI, WWII and the conflicts in Malaya, Korea and Vietnam. A verse is inscribed to the obverse side:"They died, and yet in memory shall they live, That we may know the worth of sacrifice, Know that their death is freedoms cause, Stands as a beacon light to point the way To paths of peace".A large metal utility box located near a path to the north east of the memorial and a recently constructed wooden rotunda in a corner of the park are not considered to be culturally significant.</p><br>
<p>The park also contains a green painted metal drinking fountain. Concrete paths across the island converge on the monument. The park contains mature palms, shade trees and decorative planted beds and hedges.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Sandgate War Memorial Park was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 3 October 2005 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Sandgate War Memorial Park is important in demonstrating part of the pattern of Queensland&#39;s history, being associated with the national outpouring of grief at the death of 60,000 Australians during WWI. During an era of strong and widespread Australian patriotism and nationalism most Queensland communities erected a public memorial to honour local participation in the war. Each monument is a unique historical documentary record.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The memorial is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of its class of cultural places, being a substantial and highly intact commemorative structure erected as a tangible and enduring place of memory to act as a focus for public mourning in the absence of graves. This is achieved through the use of appropriate materials and design elements.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The memorial and surrounding park make a significant aesthetic contribution to the townscape of Sandgate. The park constitutes an integrated and contained landscape that provides a verdant forecourt to the Sandgate Post Office and the former Sandgate Town Hall.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The memorial and park are of social and spiritual significance for the local community, having a strong and continuing association with the community as evidence of the impact of a major historical event and as the focus for annual remembrance of that event in local Anzac Day commemorative ceremonies.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The memorial is significant as an example of the work of prominent Brisbane architect, G. G. Prentice and the Brisbane masonry firm Lowther and Sons.</p><br>
<p>Musgrave House is a heritage-listed sanatorium at 8 Allpass Parade, Shorncliffe, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Richard Gailey and built from 1884 to 1920s. It is also known as Lady Musgrave Sanitorium for Sick Children. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 22 October 1999.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Located on a spacious corner block facing Cabbage Tree Creek, Musgrave House is a low set timber building with a high pitched, hipped roof designed by renowned Brisbane architect Richard Gailey. Built in 1884 as a convalescent home for children from the Hospital for Sick Children, Musgrave House dates from the time when Sandgate and Shorncliffe were crowded with boarding houses and convalescent homes. Since 1939, Musgrave House has continuously operated as a boarding house for men.</p><br>
<p>In its inception, the Lady Musgrave Sanatorium for Sick Children reflects prominent nineteenth century ideas about health and childhood. Providing health facilities was not a main concern for the colonial government of Queensland, caring for the sick was considered a task for voluntary groups and charitable organisations. The idea of hospitals specifically for children was itself a new idea and had evolved steadily throughout the nineteenth century. Childrens hospitals were increasingly established throughout the world in the latter half of the century. The vivid impressions left by a visit to children accommodated in adult wards in Brisbane led Mary McConnel of Cressbrook Station to launch the idea of a childrens hospital for the colony. Indeed, at this time children under five years of age were denied treatment at the General Hospital. Thus, the Hospital for Sick Children in Brisbane was founded in 1878 and was the second in Australia.</p><br>
<p>Statistics from the 1860s and 70s show how perilous life was for the children of colonial Queensland. In 1866, the Queensland Registrar-General announced that the infant mortality rate was "out of all proportion great", 49.25% of all deaths in 1863 were of children under the age of five. Half the children born in 1877 died before reaching the age of five. Dysentery, diarrhoea and typhoid were rife, along with many other illnesses unknown to medical practitioners of the time. At the same time, there was growing recognition of childhood as a distinct stage of life and less acceptance of the moralistic view that providing facilities for children encouraged mothers to abdicate their maternal responsibilities.</p><br>
<p>Such was the prevailing attitude towards children when Lady Lucinda Musgrave became the first patroness of the Hospital for Sick Children. Lady Musgrave was an enthusiastic Patroness, attending monthly Hospital Committee meetings and "doing much by her loving example to interest others". The idea of a sanatorium was proposed in 1883 and she took up the scheme with energy, personally securing the land at Shorncliffe which was given in trust by the government. The choice of the Shorncliffe site for the sanatorium was in keeping with prevailing ideas about health. The widespread acceptance of the miasmic theory of disease meant that fresh air and well ventilated, well lit buildings were considered essential for recuperation and recovery from illness. Bayside suburbs which offered sea bathing and outdoor enjoyment in addition to fresh air, were considered ideal for therapeutic purposes.</p><br>
<p>The building was completed in 1884 at a cost of £400. The architect was Richard Gailey, the official architect for the Hospital for Sick Children. Gailey designed the original Childrens hospital at Bowen Bridge in 1883, charging only half of his commission to support the establishment of the hospital. He went on to design the fever ward in 1884, the morgue in 1885, the Resident Surgeons quarters in 1889 and the nurse&#39;s quarters in 1891. Other buildings in Sandgate designed by Gailey were the original Sandgate Municipal Chambers and Town Hall in Kate St in 1882 (destroyed by fire May 1910) and the second Sandgate Baptist Church on Flinders Parade in 1887.</p><br>
<p>It is clear that Gailey had accepted current thinking about hospital design and had adopted the pavilion plan in his design for the main block of the Hospital for Sick Children. Elements of the pavilion plan as it was adapted for the Queensland context are plainly evident in the design of the Lady Musgrave Sanatorium. With its centrally located entrance hall and wards to either side shaded by a deep verandah, the planning of the sanatorium has strong similarities to timber hospitals constructed throughout Queensland, albeit on a smaller scale. Kitchen and other service areas are located in a separate wing at the back of the building, enabling the wards to be ventilated with windows along two sides.</p><br>
<p>Although the building was completed in 1884 and the permanent reserve announced in 1885, it did not formally open until 1888. Committee meeting minutes indicate that the sanatorium was in operation by 1887 and that it was the committee&#39;s unwillingness to enter into debt that caused the delay in opening. The three years 1884-87 were spent fund raising and organising equipment and furniture for the sanatorium. Lady Musgrave furnished one ward herself and several other ladies "gave most timely gifts of the same kind", personally furnishing and equipping the other ward. Each ward initially accommodated six children in cots and beds.</p><br>
<p>An article in The Queenslander in May 1888 reporting on the formal opening of the building described it thus:</p><br>
<p>"The building is a handsome and substantial wooden structure...the entrance to the main portion of the home is from the shore. The centre is appropriated to the reception room, and on either side is a large ward; while the nurses rooms occupy the ends of the verandah. The verandah, which has wide projecting eaves, formed to give the greatest possible protection from wind and rain, while at the same time affording splendid ventilation, will be used in the summertime as a residence and recreation ground for the children. From the reception- room a corridor runs to the kitchen and servants rooms and on either side are the pantry, store and bathrooms and wc. There are fireplaces in the wards and the whole establishment is so arranged to afford the utmost comfort and convenience to the little patients and those attached to the institution."</p><br>
<p>The 1888 Annual Report of the Children&#39;s Hospital stated "The rapid improvement of the patients sent down is very marked, showing the institution to be salubrious; and the work being put in hand by the Sandgate Council - viz., forming the Esplanade (now Allpass Parade) in front and perfecting the drainage and levelling the sports ground at the back - will, when completed - make the sanatorium all that can be desired."</p><br>
<p>The sanatorium was also used as a place of rest and training for nurses from the Children&#39;s Hospital and respite for families who had "sickly" children. The yearly report of 1896-97 states that 87 children passed through the sanatorium. In 1923 the Brisbane Courier reports that the sanatorium committee met to discuss the disposal of the Agnes Thorn legacy. "The committee intends to lay out the legacy, which with the Government subsidy totals 450 pounds, in something of a permanent character, such as a memorial to the donor, who was well known to old Sandgate residents." It is unclear whether the plan for a memorial ever eventuated. We can assume, however, that some of the funds went towards extending the building. The Courier reported on a "novelty coin and jazz evening" held in aid of funds for the sanatorium later in 1923. In describing the evening, reference is made to the new wing "beautifully decorated with mauve and biscuit".</p><br>
<p>In 1920, the number of children passing through had increased to 162 over the year. Matron Maude Flewell-Smith became Sister-in-charge of the childrens sanatorium in 1921, a role she held until 1927 when she was transferred to Brisbane Hospitals Sandgate convalescent home and became Matron of both institutions. Her daughter, Mrs Win Jackman remembers that during this time there was an enclosed bathing area and shed across the road where her mother took children to swim on a daily basis during the summer months.</p><br>
<p>There was an ongoing relationship between the people of the Sandgate district and the sanatorium. From as early as 1893, local fund raising events took place. Over the years these events included concerts, fish luncheons, dances and euchre parties and several of these were organised by local children. The childrens sanatorium enjoyed a special relationship with members of the Toowong branch of the Ministering Childrens League who organised a Christmas party at the sanatorium for over twenty years providing toys, Santa Claus and decorations which included the tradition of transforming one of the trees in the garden into a gift-laden Christmas tree.</p><br>
<p>In 1924, the Brisbane Hospital Board had taken over control of the Childrens Hospital and in 1927, the training schools of both hospitals were amalgamated. This signalled the beginnings of changes in hospital administration and practices that would lead to the closure of the sanatorium by the Hospital Board in 1931. Children were then transferred to Brisbane Hospitals convalescent home located nearby in Flinders Parade which by this stage accommodated women only.</p><br>
<p>It appears the building remained vacant for several years, although local residents recall "state children" living there. Notification of land for sale by auction as a Perpetual Town Lease appeared on the 16 November 1939. James Brown took up the lease in perpetuity from the first of April 1940 at a yearly rent of five pounds, five shillings. The area of one rood ten perches was considerably smaller than the 2 roods 16 perches of the original Government reserve.</p><br>
<p>Sandgate District Historical Societys journal By the Seaside tells that James Brown started an old mens home and rental was five shillings per week, meals not included. In order to accommodate the tenants, Mr Brown carried out work subdividing the rooms. In 1946 the lease was transferred to William Austin Fitzgerald and Mary Violet Fitzgerald on 28 March. Fitzgerald was the local stationmaster and used Musgrave House as accommodation for railway workers. Mrs Norma Turbet took over the lease in September 1960, eventually purchased the land at a cost of $3000 in 1980 and then sold the property in August 1999.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Musgrave House is a low set timber building with a hipped, painted corrugated iron roof located on a corner block overlooking Cabbage Tree Creek and the foreshore reserve. The building faces south-east and the large block backs on to the Sandgate Golf Course. The building has a strong symmetry with a centrally located front verandah, central steps and extensions at each end.</p><br>
<p>Wide eaves overhang the verandah which has a delicately detailed timber valance, dowel balustrades and chamfered timber posts with moulded timber capitals. The verandah has three wide bays with steps centrally located in the middle bay. The wall areas either side of the verandah are clad with vertical tongue-and-groove timber boards and have small sections of exposed timber cross bracing tucked under the eaves. Each contains a double hung timber sash window. The extensions at each end have skillion roofs, are clad with horizontal weatherboards and each has a timber door and set of steps. At the southern corner, the building has sliding, timber framed, multi-paned windows with coloured glass that return around the corner and continue along the western wall. The eastern corner has a timber sill at the same level as the windows but the windows are along the eastern elevation only. The building is set on concrete stumps with timber batten infill.</p><br>
<p>The verandah is deep, with a tongue-and-groove ceiling and timber cornice. The walls are single skin timber with exposed cross bracing used to decorative purpose, painted in shades of aqua. The floor is covered with a black, bituminous sheet material. Four doorways lead off the verandah, including the entrance door into the central hall. Panelled timber doors with operable glass fanlights are located at each end of the verandah and lead to the former nurses&#39; rooms. These rooms are lined with tongue-and-groove, have remnants of original ventilators and fretwork fanlights over blocked-in doorways that formerly led into the wards. The main entrance of the building consists of two timber doors with four upper panels of glass and a long glass fanlight.</p><br>
<p>The hallway is wide, has a high ceiling with pale yellow painted tongue-and-groove lining. A rendered brick chimney with a decorative cedar mantelpiece is located on the western wall. The large mirror panel of the mantel is decorated with a painting of birds and flowers. Basic timber bookshelves are mounted on the eastern wall in the space formerly occupied by another chimney. Timber, wall-mounted lockers are to be found either side of the wide doorway that leads into the back section of the building.</p><br>
<p>Panelled timber doors with fretwork fanlights are opposite each other at the back of the hall. They each lead into large rooms, formerly the wards of the sanatorium, now subdivided into four small rooms. These rooms do not have full height partitions and the space of the wards is discernible. The raked ceiling is lined with tongue-and-groove with two horizontal bracing members running across the room at the same level as the top of the walls. Light fittings and switches are suspended from these members. The northern face of the ceiling has a centrally located, timber framed, fixed glass skylight whilst on the western and eastern walls respectively, there are small corrugated fibreglass panels that also let in light. A section of rendered brick provides evidence of the chimney once located in the eastern ward. The chimney remains in the western ward, however, it has been blocked up and there is no fireplace. Evidence of windows is visible along the northern walls of both wards.</p><br>
<p>The side extensions are accessed via partially enclosed passageways at the back of the building. Between the wards and these passageways are lean-to additions with skillion roofs that each contain a further two rooms. At the western end of the building there is also a timber toilet block with terrazzo floors attached at the northern side of the passageway. The western extension contains four equal sized rooms, with three-quarter height, fibrous-cement partitions and lino floors, the eastern extension is divided into five small rooms. The perimeter walls have multi-paned, coloured glass sliding windows and timber sills with tongue and groove lining below. Many of the rooms are furnished with cast iron beds from the sanatorium. Original doors are located in the wall between the former ward and the eastern extension.</p><br>
<p>The kitchen and former maids&#39; quarters are located at the end of the hallway in a small building semi-detached from the main building. There is a small north-facing verandah at the back of the kitchen with stairs to the garden that together with an adjacent bedroom forms an extension to the original kitchen. The kitchen building is single skin timber with exposed cross bracing, a hipped corrugated iron roof and a brick chimney on the western wall. The extension is clad with horizontal weatherboards and the verandah has a dowel balustrade and simple valance. The two sash windows have metal window hoods. The kitchen contains an operable, wood burning stove, sink and a large, old, compartmentalised fridge. There is an outdoor laundry located between the kitchen and toilet areas, adjacent to a septic tank.</p><br>
<p>A corrugated iron shed with lean-to garage and wood-chop area are to be found in the back section of the block. The garden has no mature vegetation.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Musgrave House was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 22 October 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Musgrave House is important in demonstrating the development of health services, specifically childrens health services, in Queensland. The building demonstrates the growth of the Sandgate-Shorncliffe area as a popular nineteenth century watering place and the custom of going to the seaside for recuperation following illness. As a convalescent home for the childrens hospital, Musgrave House is significant in demonstrating the establishment and development of health services by volunteer effort in early Queensland. Its subsequent use as a boarding house demonstrates the continuing appeal of Sandgate as a location for boarding houses and convalescent homes.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Musgrave House has architectural and aesthetic significance as an example of the small scale work of architect Richard Gailey and in demonstrating the acceptance of the pavilion plan in hospital design in the 1870s and 80s, evident in the internal volumes and planning.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s aesthetic qualities are exemplified by the high pitched roof, exposed cross bracing and carefully detailed verandah.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>Musgrave House has special associations with the Sandgate and Shorncliffe communities. For fifty years local people undertook fund-raising activities in aid of the sanatorium and visiting children and their families were welcomed as part of the wider community of the district.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Musgrave House has a special association with the activities of prominent women of colonial Queensland. The Sanatorium was named for Lady Lucinda Musgrave, wife of Sir Anthony Musgrave, Governor of Queensland 1883-88 and first Patroness of the Hospital for Sick Children. There is also a close association with Mary McConnel, founder and Chair of the Committee of the Hospital Sick Children who was prominent in many aspects of life in early Queensland.</p><br>
<p>Saltwood is a heritage-listed holiday home at 154 Shorncliffe Parade, Shorncliffe, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1870s to 1930s circa. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 9 July 1993.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This sprawling, single-storeyed timber residence was constructed apparently in several stages during the 1870s and 1880s, as a holiday residence for the Hart and Drury families.</p><br>
<p>Sandgate/Shorncliffe began development in the 1860s, particularly for those who could afford private transport and holiday residences. With the extension of the railway from Brisbane to Sandgate in 1882, the permanent population grew, and weekend holiday-makers turned the township into a bustling seaside resort.</p><br>
<p>The Saltwood site was first alienated from the crown in 1854 by William Sheehan of Brisbane, as a 2 rood allotment. In 1867 it was subdivided into five blocks, and in January 1874 the four which fronted Shorncliffe (Parade) were acquired by Graham Lloyd Hart of Greylands, a prominent Brisbane solicitor. The first section of the building was erected probably for Hart in the mid to late 1870s, as a seaside holiday residence. A transverse section along the western side, and two rear wings, was constructed probably at a later date, possibly in the 1880s, although the southern wing may have been the original detached service wing.</p><br>
<p>Although Edward Robert Drury, general manager of the Queensland National Bank, did not acquire Saltwood until 1895, he and his family appear to have shared the house with the Hart family, as a holiday home. As early as 1882, Drury had acquired the fifth subdivision of the original site, fronting Swan Street, and this became part of the Saltwood grounds. A photograph dated, shows a separate timber building on the fifth subdivision, which may have been erected soon after Drury&#39;s purchase of the site. This building is no longer extant.</p><br>
<p>Drury died at Saltwood early in 1896, but the residence remained in the Drury family until 1919. It may have functioned as a boarding house or guest house from about 1900.</p><br>
<p>From 1920 to 1979 the property was owned by the McMenamin family, who used two rooms as a doctors surgery and locums room in the late 1960s. During their occupancy, the original picket fence was replaced with the present masonry and timber structure, and by the early 1950s, a tennis court had been created on the lawn to the south of the residence, and the open space between the two rear wings had been covered.</p><br>
<p>The residence was renovated in the 1980s, and verandahs added to the rear extension after 1986. Most of the present planting dates to the early 1980s.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Saltwood is a single-storeyed chamferboard residence, with a hipped corrugated iron roof, located on the southern corner of Swan Street and Shorncliffe Parade. The building is sited on the crest of a rise opposite Moora park, with views over Moreton Bay and to the islands beyond. The building has concrete stumps and is built close to the corner boundary, with a large lawn to the east.</p><br>
<p>The earliest northern section of the building has verandahs to three sides, with shaped timber brackets, chamfered posts with capitals, cross-braced balustrade and boarded ceilings. The main entry is from the northwest via a gabled entry with fretwork panel, paired posts and timber louvred doors, and a panelled timber entry door with original hardware. French doors with fanlights and timber shutters open from each room.</p><br>
<p>The central transverse section consists of two large projecting bays, to the northwest and southeast, surmounted by a timber finial with bracketed eaves, sash windows and shutters.</p><br>
<p>The southern section has two parallel hipped sections, with a flat roofed section between, surrounded by a recent verandah with a curved corrugated iron awning and timber details to match the earlier section.</p><br>
<p>Internally, there is a central L-shaped hall, with bedrooms in the northern section and living and dining rooms in the central section. The southern section has been altered and refitted, with a recent kitchen and family room, with two skylight shafts inserted in the hall area. The building has cedar joinery; including a fireplace surround, fretwork ceiling roses and internal doors with fanlights, original door hardware, tongue and groove walls and boarded ceilings. The northern bedroom has a fibrous cement ceiling and a large opening which originally housed four-fold cedar doors, which are currently in storage. The former kitchen has a large fireplace, plaster ceiling, built-in cupboards and sash windows with diamond pattern, lead framed glazing.</p><br>
<p>The street frontage has a substantial brick pier and timber batten fence, with a gateway on the northwest supporting an overhead beam with the name SALTWOOD.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Saltwood was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 9 July 1993 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Saltwood is important in demonstrating the evolution and pattern of development of Sandgate as a holiday resort.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>Saltwood demonstrates an uncommon aspect of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage, being one of the more intact of the large seaside holiday homes erected in Sandgate in the last half of the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Saltwood is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a substantial, evolving timber holiday home of the 1870s and 1880s, in Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Saltwood is important in exhibiting a range of aesthetic characteristics valued by the Brisbane community, in particular, the buildings siting, scale, form and materials, and its contribution to the Shorncliffe Parade and Swan Street streetscapes and Shorncliffe townscape and for the quality of the buildings interior, including cedar joinery.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Saltwood has a special association with the Hart and Drury families, who were prominent in Queensland social, legal, business and government circles in the last quarter of the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>Located within the Perry Courthouse Square Historic District, the First National Bank and Trust Company building was built in 1902. It stands on a lot at on the corner of 6th Street and Cedar Street .</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The two-story building is of the Italian Mannerist style, though described as having "a complete disregard for rigid architectural conventions." It was designed by Joseph Pierre Foucart, a prominent builder and architect of structures in Guthrie, Oklahoma, as well as the Williams Library (no longer existing) at Oklahoma State University. The building has been variously occupied by the Noble County Bank (1899 - 1903), The First National Bank and Trust Company of Perry (1903 - 1957), the First Union Life Insurance Company (1957 - 1975), and a dentist&#39;s office after 1975, on the first floor.</p><br>
<p>The building footprint covers a rectangular plot size of 24 feet by 90 feet. It was constructed of pressed brick and sandstone, and was assessed in "excellent condition," at the time of the NRHP application. The building facade is decorated with white stone, wooden columns and towers.The ground floor has a horseshoe window of white stone, bordered by red brick, and a narrow door supported by wooden columns. The right side has five more windows, a bay window and a plain door. The upper story has two double windows on the front and five more windows on the right side of the building.</p><br>
<p>The building also has a basement, which housed the office and print shop of a German-language weekly newspaper, the Oklahoma Neuigkeiten, that was published from 1906 to 1925.</p><br>
<p>The basement also contains a massive strong box that is no longer used.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the ground floor is divided into three rooms and a "strong box." Some walls are painted while others have been wallpapered. Lighting is provided by antique chandeliers hanging from the ceiling. Yellow pine moldings outline the doors and windows. A wooden stairway with iron railings, covered with a dark red rug, leads upstairs, where a hallway provides access to six separate rooms. The walls of the rooms are all covered with antique wallpaper. "Chandeliers of exquisite design adorn the ceilings."(quote from NRHP Application)</p><br>
